Photoacoustic Imaging for Noninvasive Periodontal Probing Depth Measurements.

The periodontal probe is the gold standard tool for periodontal examinations, including probing depth measurements, but is limited by systematic and random errors. Here, we used photoacoustic ultrasound for high-spatial resolution imaging of probing depths. Specific contrast from dental pockets was achieved with food-grade cuttlefish ink as a contrast medium. Here, 39 porcine teeth (12 teeth with artificially deeper pockets) were treated with the contrast agent, and the probing depths were measured with novel photoacoustic imaging and a Williams periodontal probe. There were statistically significant differences between the 2 measurement approaches for distal, lingual, and buccal sites but not mesial. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that all bias values were < ±0.25 mm, and the coefficients of variation for 5 replicates were <11%. The photoacoustic imaging approach also offered 0.01-mm precision and could cover the entire pocket, as opposed to the probe-based approach, which is limited to only a few sites. This report is the first to use photoacoustic imaging for probing depth measurements with potential implications to the dental field, including tools for automated dental examinations or noninvasive examinations

Communication: Linear-expansion shooting techniques for accelerating self-consistent field convergence

Based on the corrected Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham total energy density functional [Y. A. Zhang and Y. A. Wang, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 144116 (2009)]10.1063/1. 3104662, we have developed two linear-expansion shooting techniques (LIST)- direct LIST (LISTd) and indirect LIST (LISTi), to accelerate the convergence of self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. Case studies show that overall LISTi is the most robust and efficient algorithm for accelerating SCF convergence, whereas LISTd is advantageous in the early stage of an SCF process. More importantly, LISTi outperforms Pulays direct inversion in the iterative subspace (DIIS) [P. Pulay, J. Comput. Chem. 3, 556 (1982)]10.1002/jcc.540030413 and its two recent improvements, energy-DIIS [K. N. Kudin, G. E. Scuseria, and E. Cancs, J. Chem. Phys. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Pro-angiogenic effects of chalcone derivatives in zebrafish embryos in vivo

[[incitationindex]]SCI[[booktype]]電子

Localized-density-matrix implementation of time-dependent density-functional theory

The localized single-electron density matrix implementation of time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) was discussed. The excited state properties of atoms and molecules were calculated using the TDDFT. In this regard, the calculations of the absorption spectra of polyacetylene oligomers and linear alkanes by using the TDDFT, were also presented.published_or_final_versio

An experimental investigation on friction characteristics of air flow in microtube with structured surface roughness

This paper was presented at the 3rd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2011), which was held at the Makedonia Palace Hotel, Thessaloniki in Greece. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Thessaly, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute.Experiments were conducted in this research to investigate roughness effect to flow characteristics and heat transfer coefficient of air and CO2 flow in circular micro-tubes. The internal surface of tested tube included smooth, structure helical fin surfaces and random roughness surfaces. Smooth tube is a commercial S. S. 304 tube with internal diameter of 962 μm and average roughness Ra=0.8 μm, while rough circular tubes were lab made Nickel tube with diameters ranging from 926 μm to 977 μm and roughness elements from 5.3 μm to 44.6 μm in height. The experimental results indicated that f and Nu in smooth tube was predicted very well by conventional correlations both for air and CO2. In rough tubes the friction factor was significant higher than the prediction of conventional correlations both in laminar and turbulent flow. Heat transfer enhancement in laminar flow is slightly, nevertheless, in turbulent flow the heat transfer enhancement was significant and the enhancement increases with the increasing of Re. The random rough tubes revealed a higher heat transfer enhancement than the structured helical fin tubes

Dissipative time-dependent quantum transport theory

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Time-dependent density-functional theory/localized density matrix method for dynamic hyperpolarizability

Time-dependent density-functional theory/localized density matrix method (TDDFT/LDM) was developed to calculate the excited state energy, absorption spectrum and dynamic polarizability. In the present work we generalize it to calculate the dynamic hyperpolarizabilities in both time and frequency domains. We show that in the frequency domain the 2n+1 rule can be derived readily and the dynamic hyperpolarizabilities are thus calculated efficiently. Although the time-domain TDDFT/LDM is time consuming, its implementation is straightforward because the evaluation of the derivatives of exchange-correlation potential with respect to electron density is avoided. Moreover, the time-domain method can be used to simulate higher order response which is very difficult to be calculated with the frequency-domain method. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio

Linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory

A linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory is developed to evaluate the optical response of large molecular systems. The two-electron Coulomb integrals are evaluated with the fast multipole method, and the calculation of exchange-correlation quadratures utilizes the locality of exchange-correlation functional within the adiabatic local density approximation and the integral prescreening technique. Instead of many-body wave function, the equation of motion is solved for the reduced single-electron density matrix in the time domain. Based on its "nearsightedness", the reduced density matrix cutoffs are employed to ensure that the computational time scales linearly with the system size. As an illustration, the resulting time-dependent density-functional theory is used to calculate the absorption spectra of linear alkanes, and the linear scaling of computational time versus the system size is clearly demonstrated.published_or_final_versio

Modelling and simulation of counter-current and confined jet reactors for hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials

A confined jet mixer and a counter-current mixer for the continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis of TiO2 nano-materials under supercritical water conditions have been investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The fluid flow and heat transfer behaviour, including velocity and temperature profiles in both reactor configurations, are studied using the CFD tool ANSYS Fluent. The tracer concentration profiles are also simulated via solving species equations from which the mixing behaviour in the reactors is examined. A combined CFD and population balance model is used to predict the size distribution. The predicted temperature distributions for both reactors were found to be in good agreement with experimentally measured data. Detailed comparison of the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviours, and particle size distributions between the two reactors helped in the identification of key factors that affect the reactor performance, and also provided suggestions for reactor design optimisation and scale-up