HMDB: the Human Metabolome Database

The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is currently the most complete and comprehensive curated collection of human metabolite and human metabolism data in the world. It contains records for more than 2180 endogenous metabolites with information gathered from thousands of books, journal articles and electronic databases. In addition to its comprehensive literature-derived data, the HMDB also contains an extensive collection of experimental metabolite concentration data compiled from hundreds of mass spectra (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses performed on urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples. This is further supplemented with thousands of NMR and MS spectra collected on purified, reference metabolites. Each metabolite entry in the HMDB contains an average of 90 separate data fields including a comprehensive compound description, names and synonyms, structural information, physico-chemical data, reference NMR and MS spectra, biofluid concentrations, disease associations, pathway information, enzyme data, gene sequence data, SNP and mutation data as well as extensive links to images, references and other public databases. Extensive searching, relational querying and data browsing tools are also provided. The HMDB is designed to address the broad needs of biochemists, clinical chemists, physicians, medical geneticists, nutritionists and members of the metabolomics community. The HMDB is available at

Acquisition et exploitation quantitative des signaux issus de l'analyseur de faisceau LBA

The present study is applied to laser beam analyser (LBA). The basic principles of this device have been described by Lim and Steen in 1982 and 1983 [l] [2] : in the LBA device, when a needle crosses the beam, a fraction of the radiation is reflected onto two pyroelectric detectors. The instrument is now very useful to characterize the power density distribution of a laser beam. A real time signals acquisition device has been made through an INTEL 320 computer. The crude analog signals (X and Y) of the LBA output are deformed, therefore, they don't exactly represent the true power distribution. Reconstitution of initial form by a numerical correction permits to use the signals with efficiency : the physical parameters of the beam can be defined with great precision (diameter, beam centre position), true energy distribution can be calculated by a volume integration as well. The whole corrections through a program on IBM PC is available ; after corrections, the signals are used to calculate the centre position, the beam radius (R1/e2), its global power and the power density (W/cm2) in each point of the beam section

REAL-TIME KNOWLEDGE OF CO2 c.w. LASER BEAM POWER AND SHOW-UP OF RETROACTION PHENOMENA DURING OPERATIONS ON METALLICAL MATERIALS

The real-time knowledge of industrial laser power and energy profile distribution into beam gives important informations with the object of operation control like welding or thermal treatments, and even indispensable to control the system. With a view to show-up the feasibility of such an operation, we have executed some tests with differents systems able to measure the beam global power and its energy spatial distribution on a 4000 watts CO2 c.w. laser source (Cilas CI 4000

Two-dimensional mass spectrometry for proteomics, a comparative study with cytochromec

Two-dimensional Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (2D FT-ICR MS) allows the correlation between precursor and fragment ions in tandem mass spectrometry without the need to isolate the precursor ion beforehand. 2D FT-ICR MS has been optimized as a data-independent method for the structural analysis of compounds in complex samples. Data processing methods and denoising algorithms have been developed to use it as an analytical tool. In the present study, the capabilities of 2D FT-ICR MS are explored with a tryptic digest of cytochrome c with both ECD and IRMPD as fragmentation modes. The 2D mass spectra showed useful fragmentation patterns of peptides over a dynamic range of almost 400. By using a quadratic calibration, fragment ion peaks could be successfully assigned. The correlation between precursor and fragment ions in the 2D mass spectra was more accurate than in MS/MS spectra after quadrupole isolation, due to the limitations of quadrupole isolation. The use of the second dimension allowed for successful fragment assignment from precursors that were separated by only m/z 0.0156. The resulting cleavage coverage of cytochrome c almost matched data provided by high-resolution FT-ICR MS/MS analysis, but the 2D FT-ICR MS method required only one experimental scan

Laser cleaning of steel for paint removal

10.1007/s00339-010-5811-0Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing1012249-253APAM

Tribological properties of liquid milks and dairy fat structured products

Milk lipids exist naturally in bovine and other animal milk, and they play an important role in the chemical & physical properties, sensory characteristics, including nutritional profile of dairy products. In order to understand food texture and sensory behaviour of dairy products especially those in liquid and semi-solid form, the tribometer has attracted a lot of interest since it provides better discrimination for sensory attribute related to fat globule and fat content. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the basic thribology methods for dairy products, summarize the tribological properties of dairy products (milk, yoghurt and cream cheese) and the studies related to the effect of milk fat globule (its size, distribution and population) on the lubrication properties and sensory of the final product