Resistance Monitoring

The problem considered was that of estimating the temperature field in a contaminated region of soil, using measurements of electrical potential and current and also of temperature, at accessible points such as the wells and electrodes and the soil surface. On the timescale considered, essentially days, the equation for the electrical potential is static. At any given time the potential $V$ satisfies the equation $\nabla \cdot (\sigma \nabla V ) = 0$. Time enters the equation only as a parameter since $\sigma$ is temperature and hence time dependent. The problem of finding $\sigma$ when both the potential $V$ and the current density $\sigma \partial{V} / \partial{n}$ are known on the boundary of the domain is a standard inverse problem of long standing. It is known that the problem is ill posed and hence that an accurate numerical solution will be difficult especially when the input data is subject to measurement errors. In this report we examine a possible method for solving the electrical inverse problem which could possibly be used in a time stepping algorithm when the conductivity changes little in each step. Since we are also able to make temperature measurements there is also the possibility of examining an inverse problem for the temperature equation. There seems to be much less literature on this problem, which in our case is essentially, a first order equation with a heat source.(We neglect thermal conductivity, which is small compared with the convection). Combining the results of both inverse problems might give a more robust method of estimating the temperature in the soil

N-Achievement Motivation of Male Navaho Indian Students as Measured by an Acculturated N-Achievement Scale

The problem which formed the basis of this research was to answer the question: Can an acculturated version of McClelland\u27s original n-Achievement scale be significantly more effective in measuring n-Achievement motivation of male Navaho Indian subjects than McClelland\u27s original n-Achievement scale? An answer to this question would hopefully be reason enough for using an acculturated n-Achievement scale to provide new information relative to the Navaho Indian\u27s need to achieve. The major underlying objective of this study was to develop a more effective projective scale than McClelland in measuring a Navaho Indian\u27s n-Achievement motivation. This objective was not reached; however, the acculturated scale did elicit a measure of n-Achievement motivation comparable to the original McClelland scale. No significant differences were obtained on the three specific hypothesis; all were accepted, indicating that both the acculturated scale and the original scale seem to discriminate about equally well on n-Achievement motivation of male Navaho Indian subjects