18,884 research outputs found
Providing Public Goods Without Strong Sanctioning Institutions
This paper proposes a simple mechanism aimed to establish positive contributions to public goods in the absence of powerful institutions to sanction free-riders. The idea of the mechanism is to require players to commit to the public good by paying a deposit prior to the contribution stage. If all players commit in this way, those players who do not contribute their share to the public good forfeit their deposit. If there is no universal commitment, all deposits are refunded and the standard game is played. Given deposits are sufficiently high, prior commitment and full ex post contributions are part of a strict subgame perfect Nash equilibrium for the resulting game. As the mechanism obviates the need for any ex post prosecution of free-riders, it is particularly suited for situations where players do not submit to a common authority as in the case of international agreements
Providing Public Goods Without Strong Sanctioning Institutions
This paper proposes a simple mechanism aimed to establish positive contributions to public goods in the absence of powerful institutions to sanction free-riders. The idea of the mechanism is to require players to commit to the public good by paying a deposit prior to the contribution stage. If all players commit in this way, those players who do not contribute their share to the public good forfeit their deposit. If there is no universal commitment, all deposits are refunded and the standard game is played. Given deposits are sufficiently high, prior commitment and full ex post contributions are part of a strict subgame perfect Nash equilibrium for the resulting game. As the mechanism obviates the need for any ex post prosecution of free-riders, it is particularly suited for situations where players do not submit to a common authority as in the case of international agreements.public goods; cooperation; institutions; Climate-Change Treaties
Mixing and merging for spoken document retrieval
This paper describes a number of experiments that explo-
red the issues surrounding the retrieval of spoken documents. Two such
issues were examined. First, attempting to find the best use of speech
recogniser output to produce the highest retrieval effectiveness. Second,
investigating the potential problems of retrieving from a so-called "mi-
xed collection", i.e. one that contains documents from both a speech
recognition system (producing many errors) and from hand transcription (producing presumably near perfect documents). The result of the
first part of the work found that merging the transcripts of multiple
recognisers showed most promise. The investigation in the second part
showed how the term weighting scheme used in a retrieval system was
important in determining whether the system was affected detrimentally
when retrieving from a mixed collection
Asymmetric field dependence of magnetoresistance in magnetic films
We study an asymmetric in field magnetoresistance that is frequently observed
in magnetic films and, in particular, the odd longitudinal voltage peaks that
appear during magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic films, with out-of-plane
magnetic anisotropy. We argue that the anomalous signals result from small
variation of magnetization and Hall resistivity along the sample. Experimental
data can be well described by a simple circuit model, the latter being
supported by analytic and numerical calculations of current and electric field
distribution in films with a gradual variation of the magnetization and Hall
resistance.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Modernist Pedagogies: Conrad, Woolf, Pound, and the Reading Public
"Modernist Pedagogies: Conrad, Woolf, Pound, and the Reading Public" challenges the widely held belief that modernist writers were uninterested in reaching the emerging reading public that developed as a result of the 1870 Education Act and subsequent reforms in Britain. I contend that Conrad, Woolf, and Pound were largely optimistic that, with a particular type of guidance, the reading public was capable of engaging with difficult texts. Conrad's prefaces, Woolf's lectures and BBC broadcasts, and Ezra Pound's How To Read and ABC of Reading offer varied pedagogical motivations and methods with implications for not only how we teach these major authors but also how we teach reading and writing at the university level. By challenging prevailing understandings of the modernists' attitudes toward the reading public, this study offers a more complex rendering of the modernists' relationships with the expanded reading public, thereby enabling a fuller understanding of the modernist project
Studies of single top production at the Tevatron
I present the newest measurements of the production cross sections of single top quarks in pp collisions at √s = 1.96TeV in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1 collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The data is also used to extract limits on the CKM Matrix element |Vtb|
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