Emergence of Entrepreneurship in Transjordan during the Late Ottoman period.

How did Ottoman policies influence emergence of entrepreneurship among elites in Transjordan from 1850-1914? During the late Ottoman period in Transjordan there was an economic transition from subsistence farming to the development of privately-owned, large- scale, for-profit farms. The current study hypothesized Ottoman government policy -prioritizing cash crop farming over subsistence farming and nomadic living - created conditions that allowed elites in Jordan to develop entrepreneurship. To measure my dependent variable, entrepreneurship, I adapted Rostow’s Stages of Economic Development. To track my independent variable, Ottoman influence, I created a scale. From thematic analysis of selected case studies, my hypothesis was supported and expanded upon

Organic Hop Variety Trial: Results from Year Three

Great interest has been kindled in producing hops in the Northeast. While hops were historically grown in the Northeast, they have not been commercially produced in this region for over a hundred years. With this loss of regional production knowledge, and the advancements of cropping science and the development of new varieties over the last few decades, a great need has been identified for regionspecific science-based research on this reemerging crop. Additionally, the vast majority of hops production in the United States occurs in the arid Pacific Northwest on a very large scale, which is very different from hops production in the humid Northeast where the average hopyard is well under 10 acres. Knowledge is needed on how to produce hops on a small-scale in our climate. With this in mind, in August of 2010, UVM Extension initiated an organic hops variety trial at Borderview Research Farm in Alburgh, VT. The UVM Extension hopyard is trialing 22 publicly-available hop varieties, and 3 additional varieties from Dr. John Henning’s breeding program in Oregon. The goals of these efforts are to find hop varieties that not only grow well in the Northeast and demonstrate disease and pest resistance in combination with high yields, but also present desirable characteristics to brewers. Hops are a perennial crop, and most varieties do not reach peak production until year three. The results and observations from the first and second year hopyard can be found on the UVM Extension Northwest Crops and Soils website: www.uvm.edu/extension/cropsoil/hops. The following are the results from the third year of production

The Student Movement Volume 106 Issue 17: Just Your Normal Weekly Student Movement Issue: No Clickbait

HUMANS Department of Biology Hires Renowned Woodchuck Specialist Charles Lignum, Interviewed by: Scott Moncrieff Silly Little Hats Mandate, Qualyn Robinson, Alyssa Henriquez ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Kim Kardashian\u27s History at AU, Solana Campbell with Megan Napod and Alyssa Henriquez Love is Blind Beta Tests a Season in Berrien Springs, Alyssa Henriquez NEWS I\u27m So Sorry: A Heartfelt Goodbye, Chris Ngugi Introducing... Cardfield!, Abigail Lee The Cardinalito: The New Student Craze Over the Saucy Dish, Nathan Mathieu IDEAS A Student Movement Towards a Southern Location, Nathan Mathieu Why Meier Must be Renovated Immediately PULSE Andrews University Dating App: AUlovelink, Wambui Karanja Sabbath Meatloaf Exposé, Alannah Tjhatra THE LAST WORD Don\u27t Make Me Laugh! Using Humor as Power, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-106/1016/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 16: Soul Lounge, Self-Care, and Stripple Breakfast Burritos: There\u27s Something for Everyone

HUMANS AU\u27s Favorite Classes, Solana Campbell Becoming Multilingual, Gloria Oh Greatest Gazebo Orders, Solana Campbell Interview with VP Nixon, Caryn Cruz ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Currently: Babel, Terika Williams That 90\u27s Love: BSCF Soul Lounge, Skyler Campbell The Therapist, Marcel Mattox NEWS Experience Andrews University\u27s Community Adult Education, Gloria Oh Joyful Resilience: An Art Experience at AU, Solana Campbell Students Share Their African Heritage at Short Course, Andrew Francis IDEAS The Future of Self-Care, Katie Davis The Straw that Breaks the Camel\u27s Back? Beyoncé and the 2023 Grammys, Alexander J. Hess Death Toll Passes 41,000: Turkey and Syria Earthquakes, Abby Shim PULSE A Conversation with an NBA Physician, Reagan McCain Nick Bishop and Honduras, Interviewed by Abraham Bravo LAST WORD Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise: A Reflection on Extended Cognition, ChatGPT, and Neurodivergence, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1015/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 107 Issue 21: Evensong Vespers Honors President Luxton\u27s Gift of Service

HUMANS Apple vs Android, Grace No Senior Plans, Interviewed by: Solana Campbell Student Workers: Claudia Ruiz, Interviewed by: Nora Martin ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT WAUS: An Update on our Beloved Campus Radio Station, Grace No Creatives on Campus: Mateo Banks, Grace No Meditation for the Easter Season: Community Celebrates President Luxton, Lily Burke and Alannah Tjhatra NEWS A Night of Avant-Garde, Solana Campbell Environmental Events Bring Awareness to Berrien County, Andrew Francis Interview with Dr. Heather Thompson Day: Becoming an Author and Inspiring Change, Brendan Oh The Living Library: Stories from the Andrews Community, Isabella Koh IDEAS Enough with the Self Help Books, Valerie Akinyi Social Media and Authenticity, Nathaniel Reid The Resurgence of the Jim Crow Era in America, Shania Watts PULSE At Home at Andrews University, Elizabeth Dovich Sex Education in Adventist Institutions, Lexie Dunham The Importance of the Office of Culture and Inclusion, Zothile Sibanda LAST WORD Last Word, Solana Campbellhttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-107/1020/thumbnail.jp

Community-based active case-finding interventions for tuberculosis : a systematic review

This work was made possible through grants provided by the WHO Global TB Programme. RMB, ELC, and PM hold Wellcome fellowships: 203905/Z/16/Z (RMB), 200901/Z/16/Z (ELC), and 206575/Z/17/Z (PM). MR, LT, and HA are funded by part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme supported by the EU (grant number RIA2016S-1632-TREATS). AES is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K23AI140918.Background Community-based active case-finding interventions might identify and treat more people with tuberculosis disease than standard case detection. We aimed to assess whether active case-finding interventions can affect tuberculosis epidemiology in the wider community. Methods We did a systematic review by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies that compared tuberculosis case notification rates, tuberculosis disease prevalence, or tuberculosis infection prevalence or incidence in children, between populations exposed and unexposed to active case-finding interventions. We included studies published in English between Jan 1, 1980, and April 13, 2020. Studies of active case-finding in the general population, in populations perceived to be at high risk for tuberculosis, and in closed settings were included, whereas studies of tuberculosis screening at health-care facilities, among household contacts, or among children only, and studies that screened fewer than 1000 people were excluded. To estimate effectiveness, we extracted or calculated case notification rates, prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children, and compared ratios of these outcomes between groups that were exposed or not exposed to active case-finding interventions. Results 27 883 abstracts were screened and 988 articles underwent full text review. 28 studies contributed data for analysis of tuberculosis case notifications, nine for prevalence of tuberculosis disease, and two for incidence or prevalence of tuberculosis infection in children. In one cluster-randomised trial in South Africa and Zambia, an active case-finding intervention based on community mobilisation and sputum drop-off did not affect tuberculosis prevalence, whereas, in a cluster-randomised trial in Vietnam, an active case-finding intervention based on sputum tuberculosis tests for everyone reduced tuberculosis prevalence in the community. We found inconsistent, low-quality evidence that active case-finding might increase the number of cases of tuberculosis notified in populations with structural risk factors for tuberculosis. Interpretation Community-based active case-finding for tuberculosis might be effective in changing tuberculosis epidemiology and thereby improving population health if delivered with high coverage and intensity. If possible, active case-finding projects should incorporate a well designed, robust evaluation to contribute to the evidence base and help elucidate which delivery methods and diagnostic strategies are most effective. Funding WHO Global TB Programme.Peer reviewe

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 6: Tayloring the Future: Andrews Inaugurates New President

HUMANS Filipino Pride and the Bayanihan Spirit, Savannah Tyler Intangible Impressions of Spiritual Life at Andrews, Savannah Tyler Meet the Majors: Part 2, Reagan McCain From Underdog to gRad-dog: A graduate student\u27s perspective on the transition from undergraduate to graduate school, Anna Rybachek ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT A New Chapter in Seasons, Nailea Soto A Report on the Eras Tour Movie, Nate Miller Gilmore Girls: The Downfall of College Rory, Audrey Lim How to Enter Music Circles on Campus, Reagan McCain NEWS Armenia - Azerbaijan Conflict, Katie Davis The Inauguration, Kiheon Chung Noche Latina: A Night to Celebrate Hispanic Heritage, Melissa Moore Understanding Tomorrow Today: The Fall 2023 Kingman Lecture, Jonathan Clough IDEAS My Struggle with Secular Music, Kiheon Chung No News Is Good News - But Here\u27s Some Good News!, Reagan Westerman Pakistan\u27s First Miss Universe Winner, Katie Davis PULSE American Melodies in Harmony with the AUSO, Aiko J. Ayala Rios Celebrating Filipino American History Month, Brooklyn Anderson Why We Can\u27t Seem to Get Enough Sleep, Alyssa Caruthers LAST WORD Do it For The Plot, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1005/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 105 Issue 14: Carousel of Composers: Harpist Among Highlights of Sunday\u27s Showcase

NEWS Andrews University Choirs Performs Easter Tenebrae Service, Jenae Rogers AUSA Hosts Easter Proximity Vespers, Terika Williams Makarios, AUSA, & Proximity Collaborate for Easter Sabbath, Amanda Cho Sunday Music Series Features Andrews University Composers, Elianna Srikureja PULSE Dorm Plants, Masy Domecillo Sleep Study, Interviews by Wambui Karanja The Wellness Column, Better Slumber, Jessica Rim HUMANS AU Takes a Stand Against AAPI Violence: An Interview with Eden Seo, Interviewed by Abigail Lee Freshman Spotlight: Solana Campbell, Interviewed by Terika Williams Senior Spotlight: Shelbi Slade, Interviewed by Brandi Seawood ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT Creative Spotlight: Andrew Pak, Interviewed by Megan Napod Spring Playlist, Created by Pearl Parker Taylor\u27s Version, Kaela McFadden IDEAS A Look Into the AUSA Senate, Abigail Lee After Trauma, Adoniah Simon Following your Curiosity: Sydney St. Jean\u27s Honors Research, Sion Kim To the One Who Believes, Evin N. Musgrove THE LAST WORD Trashy Andrews, Lily Burkehttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-105/1018/thumbnail.jp

The Student Movement Volume 108 Issue 10: VP or Not VP?: That is the Question

HUMANS Interview with Dr. Ponce-Rodas: Change within the Church, Grace No Dean Spotlight Interview: Alyssa Palmer, Lauren Kim Maya Sukumaran\u27s Exploration: Unraveling the Neurobiology of Cricket Behavior, Nick Bishop ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT AUSO\u27s Vienna Classics Concert, Nate Miller Discovering the Fine Arts Program, Amelia Stefanescu What Do Murder and Law School Have in Common?, Amelia Stefanescu NEWS AU Abroad, Katie Davis Context, Changes, Reactions, What\u27s Coming, VP to the Assistant to the President, Lily Burke Founding of Andrews University, Kiheon Chung Israel-Gaza Follow Up, Robert Zhang Second Annual AU Shark Tank Features Intriguing Proposals, Andrew Francis IDEAS Coming Out Ministries in Berrien Springs, Erin Beers How to Spread Holiday Cheer on a Budget!, Reagan Westerman Rabbit Rabbit, Katie Davis What is Truth? My Personal Exploration into Moral Relativism, Bella Hamann PULSE A Taste of Goodness, Anna Rybachek Countdown to Finals: Tips for Test-Taking, Sumin Lee Why Andrews?, Alyssa Caruthers LAST WORD My Semester of Touching Grass and Smelling the Roses, Grace Nohttps://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/sm-108/1009/thumbnail.jp

Do community-based active case-finding interventions have indirect impacts on wider TB case detection and determinants of subsequent TB testing behaviour? A systematic review

Funding: This work was made possible through grants provided by the WHO Global TB Programme. RMB, ELC, and PM hold Wellcome fellowships: 203905/Z/16/Z (RMB), 200901/Z/16/Z (ELC), and 206575/Z/17/Z (PM). MR, LT, and HA are funded by part of the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme supported by the EU (grant number RIA2016S-1632-TREATS). AES is supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant K23AI140918. WHO facilitated discussions among authors at the design stage and contributed to this manuscript but had no role in the conduct or writing of the WHO review.Community-based active case-finding (ACF) may have important impacts on routine TB case-detection and subsequent patient-initiated diagnosis pathways, contributing “indirectly” to infectious diseases prevention and care. We investigated the impact of ACF beyond directly diagnosed patients for TB, using routine case-notification rate (CNR) ratios as a measure of indirect effect. We systematically searched for publications 01-Jan-1980 to 13-Apr-2020 reporting on community-based ACF interventions compared to a comparison group, together with review of linked manuscripts reporting knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) outcomes or qualitative data on TB testing behaviour. We calculated CNR ratios of routine case-notifications (i.e. excluding cases identified directly through ACF) and compared proxy behavioural outcomes for both ACF and comparator communities. Full text manuscripts from 988 of 23,883 abstracts were screened for inclusion; 36 were eligible. Of these, 12 reported routine notification rates separately from ACF intervention-attributed rates, and one reported any proxy behavioural outcomes. Two further studies were identified from screening 1121 abstracts for linked KAP/qualitative manuscripts. 8/12 case-notification studies were considered at critical or serious risk of bias. 8/11 non-randomised studies reported bacteriologically-confirmed CNR ratios between 0.47 (95% CI:0.41–0.53) and 0.96 (95% CI:0.94–0.97), with 7/11 reporting all-form CNR ratios between 0.96 (95% CI:0.88–1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI:1.02–1.16). One high-quality randomised-controlled trial reported a ratio of 1.14 (95% CI 0.91–1.43). KAP/qualitative manuscripts provided insufficient evidence to establish the impact of ACF on subsequent TB testing behaviour. ACF interventions with routine CNR ratios >1 suggest an indirect effect on wider TB case-detection, potentially due to impact on subsequent TB testing behaviour through follow-up after a negative ACF test or increased TB knowledge. However, data on this type of impact are rarely collected. Evaluation of routine case-notification, testing and proxy behavioural outcomes in intervention and comparator communities should be included as standard methodology in future ACF campaign study designs.Peer reviewe