201 research outputs found
Pseudopotential-based full zone k.p technique for indirect bandgap semiconductors: Si, Ge, diamond and SiC
The is a versatile technique that describes the semiconductor
band structure in the vicinity of the bandgap. The technique can be extended to
full Brillouin zone by including more coupled bands into consideration. For
completeness, a detailed formulation is provided where the associated parameters are extracted from the local empirical pseudopotential method in
the form of band edge energies and generalized momentum matrix elements. We
demonstrate the systematic improvement of the technique with the proper choice
of the band edge states for the group-IV indirect bandgap semiconductors: Si,
Ge, diamond and SiC of the 3C cubic phase. The full zone agreement is observed
to span an energy window of more than 20 eV for Si, and 40 eV for the diamond
with the 15-band pseudopotential-based approach.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, requires fizik.cls (included
High-dielectric constant and wide band gap inverse silver oxide phases of the ordered ternary alloys of SiO, GeO and SnO
High-dielectric constant and wide band gap oxides have important
technological applications. The crystalline oxide polymorphs having lattice
constant compatibility to silicon are particularly desirable. One recently
reported candidate is the inverse silver oxide phase of SiO.
First-principles study of this system together with its isovalent equivalents
GeO, SnO as well as their ternary alloys are performed. Within the
framework of density functional theory both generalized gradient approximation
and local density approximation (LDA) are employed to obtain their structural
properties, elastic constants and the electronic band structures. To check the
stability of these materials, phonon dispersion curves are computed which
indicate that GeO and SnO have negative phonon branches whereas
their ternary alloys SiGeO, SiSnO,
and GeSnO are all stable within LDA possessing dielectric
constants ranging between 10 to 20. Furthermore, the lattice constant of
SiGeO is virtually identical to the Si(100) surface. The
band gaps of the stable materials are computed which restore the wide band
gap values in addition to their high dielectric constants.Comment: Published version; two figures merged into on
Interband, intraband and excited-state direct photon absorption of silicon and germanium nanocrystals embedded in a wide band-gap lattice
Embedded Si and Ge nanocrystals (NCs) in wide band-gap matrices are studied
theoretically using an atomistic pseudopotential approach. From small clusters
to large NCs containing on the order of several thousand atoms are considered.
Effective band-gap values as a function of NC diameter reproduce very well the
available experimental and theoretical data. It is observed that the highest
occupied molecular orbital for both Si and Ge NCs and the lowest unoccupied
molecular orbital for Si NCs display oscillations with respect to size among
the different irreducible representations of the point group to which
these spherical NCs belong. Based on this electronic structure, first the
interband absorption is thoroughly studied which shows the importance of
surface polarization effects that significantly reduce the absorption when
included. This reduction is found to increase with decreasing NC size or with
increasing permittivity mismatch between the NC core and the host matrix.
Reasonable agreement is observed with the experimental absorption spectra where
available. The deformation of spherical NCs into prolate or oblate ellipsoids
are seen to introduce no pronounced effects for the absorption spectra. Next,
intraconduction and intravalence band absorption coefficients are obtained in
the wavelength range from far-infrared to visible region. These results can be
valuable for the infrared photodetection prospects of these NC arrays. Finally,
excited-state absorption at three different optical pump wavelengths, 532 nm,
355 nm and 266 nm are studied for 3- and 4 nm-diameter NCs. This reveals strong
absorption windows in the case of holes and a broad spectrum in the case of
electrons which can especially be relevant for the discussions on achieving
gain in these structures.Comment: Published version, 13 pages, 15 figures, local field effects include
Auger recombination and carrier multiplication in embedded silicon and germanium nanocrystals
For Si and Ge nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in wide band-gap matrices, Auger
recombination (AR) and carrier multiplication (CM) lifetimes are computed
exactly in a three-dimensional real space grid using empirical pseudopotential
wave functions. Our results in support of recent experimental data offer new
predictions. We extract simple Auger constants valid for NCs. We show that both
Si and Ge NCs can benefit from photovoltaic efficiency improvement via CM due
to the fact that under an optical excitation exceeding twice the band gap
energy, the electrons gain lion's share from the total excess energy and can
cause a CM. We predict that CM becomes especially efficient for hot electrons
with an excess energy of about 1 eV above the CM threshold.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures (Published version
Nuclear spin squeezing via electric quadrupole interaction
Control over nuclear spin fluctuations is essential for processes that rely
on preserving the quantum state of an embedded system. For this purpose,
squeezing is a viable alternative, so far that has not been properly exploited
for the nuclear spins. Of particular relevance in solids is the electric
quadrupole interaction (QI), which operates on nuclei having spin higher than
1/2. In its general form, QI involves an electric field gradient (EFG)
biaxiality term. Here, we show that as this EFG biaxiality increases, it
enables continuous tuning of single-particle squeezing from the one-axis
twisting to the two-axis countertwisting limits. A detailed analysis of QI
squeezing is provided, exhibiting the intricate consequences of EFG biaxiality.
The initial states over the Bloch sphere are mapped out to identify those
favorable for fast initial squeezing, or for prolonged squeezings. Furthermore,
the evolution of squeezing in the presence of a phase-damping channel and an
external magnetic field are investigated. We observe that dephasing drives
toward an anti-squeezed terminal state, the degree of which increases with the
spin angular momentum. Finally, QI squeezing in the limiting case of a
two-dimensional EFG with a perpendicular magnetic field is discussed, which is
of importance for two-dimensional materials, and the associated beat patterns
in squeezing are revealed.Comment: Published version in contents, 10 pages, 9 figure
Disorder-free localization around the conduction band edge of crossing and kinked silicon nanowires
We explore ballistic regime quantum transport characteristics of
oxide-embedded crossing and kinked silicon nanowires (NWs) within a large-scale
empirical pseudopotential electronic structure framework, coupled to the
Kubo-Greenwood transport analysis. A real-space wave function study is
undertaken and the outcomes are interpreted together with the findings of
ballistic transport calculations. This reveals that ballistic transport edge
lies tens to hundreds of millielectron volts above the lowest unoccupied
molecular orbital, with a substantial number of localized states appearing in
between, as well as above the former. We show that these localized states are
not due to the oxide interface, but rather core silicon-derived. They manifest
the wave nature of electrons brought to foreground by the reflections
originating from NW junctions and bends. Hence, we show that the crossings and
kinks of even ultraclean Si NWs possess a conduction band tail without a
recourse to atomistic disorder.Comment: Published version, 7 pages, 9 figure
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