Lattice Vibrations to Identify the Li/Na Ratio in LixNa2−xTi6O13 (x = 0…2)

LixNa2−xTi6O13has received attention as 3d-metal oxide based anode material for possible battery application. Generally, titanium oxides represent excellent Li hosts due to their zero-strain behavior, cycling stability and high operating voltage. New developments choose Na as charge carrier, but less effort is put in the investigation of mixed cation conductors. Owing to the synthesis route of LixNa2−xTi6O13(0 ≤ x ≤ 2) the coordination of Na and Li in the channels is different which had been investigated by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction. Up to now, no Raman spectroscopy has been applied. This oxide is highly Raman-active, thus the local structure can also be analyzed in terms of vibrational spectroscopy. Micro-Raman spectroscopy carried out at room temperature with different cation contents (x = 0, 0.33, 1, 2) shows the continuous change from Na to Li by a superposition of the modes for Na2Ti6O13 and Li2Ti6O13. The only exceptions are two distinct modes. They appear either for Li (118 cm–1) or Na (135 cm–1). The results confirm the high-temperature phase stability of Na2Ti6O13 as well as the anisotropic thermal expansion of the unit cell seen by in situ X-ray powder diffraction under two different gas atmospheres. Combining these results, we suppose that the anisotropic thermal expansion of the lattice parameters is affected by the normal vectors of the corresponding bond vibrations in Na2Ti6O13 and Li2Ti6O13. Crystalline-orbital calculations of the Raman shifts of LixNa2−xTi6O13were carried out for the cation contents x = 0, 1, 2 and Raman modes were assigned to specific bond vibrations supported by theory. Besides, this gives additionally information about the Li/Na ratio in a new and simple way. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter

Young women´s perception of sexuality and body image post matectomy

O objetivo desse estudo foi compreender a percepção sobre a imagem corporal e a sexualidade de mulheres jovens submetidas à mastectomia. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com uma abordagem qualitativa. Para a análise da sexualidade e da imagem corporal foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Participaram do estudo quatro mulheres que tiveram diagnóstico de câncer de mama antes dos 35 anos de idade. Na análise das entrevistas, emergiram duas categorias: Percepção e significação da mama: da dor da perda até a satisfação e valorização da vida; Repercussões sobre a feminilidade e sexualidade: o enfrentamento da alteração da libido, das mudanças conjugais até a aceitação e o amadurecimento emocional. Concluiu-se com o estudo que a mastectomia interfere negativamente na imagem corporal e na sexualidade da mulher jovem, uma vez que a mama possui um simbolismo de feminilidade e saúde durante todas as etapas da vida da mulher. Também foram identificados pontos positivos, como a superação do câncer e a ressignificação da imagem corporal e da sexualidade, fazendo com que essas mulheres desenvolvam uma nova visão da sua vida, do seu corpo e das suas necessidades sexuais.The aim of this study was to understand the perception about body image and sexuality of young women submitted to mastectomy. A cross - sectional study was carried out with a qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview was performed for the analysis of sexuality and body image. Four women who had a diagnosis of breast cancer before the age of 35 participated in the study. In the analysis of the interviews, two categories emerged: Perception and signification of the breast: from pain of loss to satisfaction and appreciation of life; Repercussions on femininity and sexuality: coping with changing libido, from marital changes to acceptance and emotional maturation. It was concluded that mastectomy negatively interferes with the body image and sexuality of young women, since the breast has a symbolism of femininity and health and during all stages of the woman’s life. Positive points have also been identified, such as overcoming cancer and re-signification of body image and sexuality, making these women develop a new vision of their life, body and sexual needs

Health, education, and social care provision after diagnosis of childhood visual disability

Aim: To investigate the health, education, and social care provision for children newly diagnosed with visual disability.Method: This was a national prospective study, the British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2 (BCVIS2), ascertaining new diagnoses of visual impairment or severe visual impairment and blindness (SVIBL), or equivalent vi-sion. Data collection was performed by managing clinicians up to 1-year follow-up, and included health and developmental needs, and health, education, and social care provision.Results: BCVIS2 identified 784 children newly diagnosed with visual impairment/SVIBL (313 with visual impairment, 471 with SVIBL). Most children had associated systemic disorders (559 [71%], 167 [54%] with visual impairment, and 392 [84%] with SVIBL). Care from multidisciplinary teams was provided for 549 children (70%). Two-thirds (515) had not received an Education, Health, and Care Plan (EHCP). Fewer children with visual impairment had seen a specialist teacher (SVIBL 35%, visual impairment 28%, χ2p < 0.001), or had an EHCP (11% vs 7%, χ2p < 0 . 01).Interpretation: Families need additional support from managing clinicians to access recommended complex interventions such as the use of multidisciplinary teams and educational support. This need is pressing, as the population of children with visual impairment/SVIBL is expected to grow in size and complexity.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited