XIX. Yüzyılda Başmakçı'da Sosyal ve İktisadi Hayat

Bu makalede, XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında Hüdavendigâr Eyâleti, Kütahya Sancağı Dazkırı Kazası'na bağlı Başmakçı ve Aşağı Mahallesi ile ilgili 7697 ve 7702 numaralı temettüat defterleri verilerinden hareketle, köyün sosyo-ekonomik yapısı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Başmakçı'nın gelirlerini tarım, hayvancılık, meslek ve diğerleri şeklinde gruplandırmak mümkün ise de köylü geçimini genellikle tarım ve hayvancılıktan sağlamaktadır. Hane reisleri vergi olarak da "vergi-yi mahsus" ve "öşr" ödemekte idi. İşte bu çalışmada önce köylünün meslekleri, tarım ve hayvancılık ile ilgili faaliyetleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılacak, daha sonra bunlardan elde ettikleri gelirler, ödedikleri vergiler ve vergi yükleri üzerinde durulacaktır.The present study aims at setting forth the social and economic structure of Başmakçı village near the town of Dazkırı in the sanjak of Kütahya connected to the province of Hüdavendigar, in the mid of XIXth century making use of the "temettuat registers" of Başmakçı and of Aşağı Quarter numbered 7697 and 7702.Although it is possible to categorize the income of the inhabitants of Başmakçı as agriculture, animal husbandry, professions etc. , in fact the villagers mainly lived on agriculture and animal husbandry. The families in Başmakçı paid two kinds of taxes: speacial tax and tithe. This study will primarily try to put forward the professions of the villagers and their activities of agriculture and animal husbandry, and then will focus on their income, as well as the taxes they had paid and tax loads

Relationship between symptom control and life quality in asthma

Objective: The aim of the asthma treatment is to have full symptom control. In this study, Interaction between life quality and symptom control on asthma patients were investigated. Also patient training and the other factors on asthma control are researched. Methods: Asthma patients (125) who were followed Chest Clinics of Denizli State hospital were included to the study. The questionnaire related with socio-demographic characteristics, Asthma Control Test (ACT) and life quality questionnaire (LQQ-SF36) were applied to the patients. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were measured. Approximately one month later; ACT and PFT were repeated and pre and post treatment changes were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.8 years and 77.6% of them were females. 12.8 % of the patients were smoker, and 34.4 % of them had at least one chronic disease/disorder. The initial ACT point was 18.4±5.3 and 13.6% of the patients had “complete symptom-control”. According to the LQQ; social function point was found as 67.9, mental health point as 67.7, and overall health point as 62.7. Significant positive correlations were found between life quality and ACT. Positive changes in the second ACT were determined. It was found as 23.7±2.4 and the increasing of ACT point was 5.3. The rate of the patients with “complete control” was 59.8% In addition, LQQ point and some PFT parameters was found significantly lower in patients with additional diseases (anxiety/depression, diabetes etc.). Conclusion: Significantly positive correlations were found between life quality and ACT. Our findings clearly show that the trainings of patients are effective in asthma control. It was seen that the presence of co-morbidity has a negative effect on asthma control and psychological status

The evaluation of the dust-related occupational respiratory disorders of dental laboratory technicians working in Denizli Province

INTRODUCTION: Dental laboratory technicians (DLTs) get exposed to fibrinogen dusts that are very risky dusts in terms of health. In this study, respiration complaints, pneumoconiosis frequencies and working conditions of the dental technicians in Denizli were investigated. METHODS: All of the registered DLTs working in Denizli were included in the study. A 30-item questionnaire was used to gather data about the participants and their working environments. Then, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were carried out and standard chest X-rays were taken in order to detect how much the respiratory systems of the workers were affected. Standard chest X-rays were evaluated according to International Labour Organizations classification. Depending on the screening results, technicians who were found to have had pathologies and suspected cases were examined. "High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT)" was taken from those who were found to have pathology in their chest X-rays and they were evaluated according to the classification of Hering et al. RESULTS: There are a total of 166 DLTs working in Denizli Province participated in the study. One hundred and forty-three (86.1%) of the participants were male, and 23 of them were female. The mean age of the participants is 33.5 ± 8.1. Average working time of the workers is 16 years. Total exposure time was calculated 36,177 h. Approximately, 56% of workers were smokers. When the working conditions were considered, it was found that 98.8% of laboratories had a ventilation system. Technicians′ use of personal protective equipment is low. Participants′ often or continuous use of masks, gloves, goggles, and vacuum device was found 69%, 36%, 47%, and 63% respectively while working. About 21.2% of the technicians have respiratory symptoms while 15.2% of them have eye complaints. At the analysis of PFT results, 27.7% restrictive type pulmonary disorder was determined. At the analysis of chest X-rays; 1/0 profusion sub-category was 25.5%, and the large opacity rate was 16.9%. Ten pneumoconiosis cases (6%) were diagnosed after the analysis of the HRCT results. The ratio of pneumoconiosis was found much higher among male technicians, particularly those who have been working for a long time in the profession and those working at the town hospitals and Department of metal leveling. DISCUSSION: Technicians′ use of personal protective tools is not enough and ratio of smoking is rather high. Pneumoconiosis cases clearly show this exposure. It is necessary to adopt comprehensive work health and safety precautions considering the determined risk factors

Effect of mdr c3435t polymorphism on varenicline treatment in quit smoking

Despite so many global efforts, smoking still remains to be one of the most common addictions worldwide. Even though most smokers wish to quit smoking, many of them fail. In this respect, genetic variants are thought to be remarkable factors in nicotine dependence and in treatment of smoking cessation. This is a paper investigating a single variant p-glycoprotein (P-gp) polymorphisms and its effect on Varenicline efficacy in the smoking cessation. 158 smokers and 52 non-smoker healthy volunteers were included. We determined the P-gp C3435T gene polymorphisms in all subjects. Face to face interviews with smokers were performed for smoking cessation and Varenicline was given for smoking cessation. Cessation success was evaluated in the 6th month and success rates were compared according to the P-gp genotype distributions. In our study, smoking cessation rate by Varenicline was 57.0%. This rate was 55.0% in females, and 57.2% in males (p=0.85). The P-gp C3435T gene distribution was similar in control, quitters and not-quitter groups. Cessation rate was at highest point in genotype CT (62.2%) and at the lowest in TT (47.6%). It was 53.8% in genotype CC and there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.27). Our results suggest that genetic variants of P-gp C3435T did not significantly affect Varenicline treatment for smoking cessation. © 2019, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca). All rights reserved