Proceedings of QG2010: The Third Workshop on Question Generation

These are the peer-reviewed proceedings of "QG2010, The Third Workshop on Question Generation". The workshop included a special track for "QGSTEC2010: The First Question Generation Shared Task and Evaluation Challenge". QG2010 was held as part of The Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS2010)

Ohio Law on Wanton Torts

Two recent cases decided by the Supreme Court in 1963 and 1964 are of considerable interest in relation to decisions involving wilful and wanton tort in Ohio since 1899. In the first of these two cases, Botto et al., Appellants, v. Fischesser,a Minor, et al., Appellees, decided in 1963, the Supreme Court overruled directed verdicts for the defendants in the trial court which had been sustained in the appellate court, and remanded the cases for jury trial with the comment that the Guest Statute, being in derogation of common law, should not be extended beyond its reasonable limits. A court should exercise restraint in substituting its judgment for that of a jury and removing the case from the jury by directed verdict. This language seems to show a variance from the tone of the court in past years, when directed verdicts in wilful and wanton court cases have sometimes seemed to be the rule, rather than the exception, as will be illustrated by a review of applicable cases

Ohio Law on Wanton Torts

Two recent cases decided by the Supreme Court in 1963 and 1964 are of considerable interest in relation to decisions involving wilful and wanton tort in Ohio since 1899. In the first of these two cases, Botto et al., Appellants, v. Fischesser,a Minor, et al., Appellees, decided in 1963, the Supreme Court overruled directed verdicts for the defendants in the trial court which had been sustained in the appellate court, and remanded the cases for jury trial with the comment that the Guest Statute, being in derogation of common law, should not be extended beyond its reasonable limits. A court should exercise restraint in substituting its judgment for that of a jury and removing the case from the jury by directed verdict. This language seems to show a variance from the tone of the court in past years, when directed verdicts in wilful and wanton court cases have sometimes seemed to be the rule, rather than the exception, as will be illustrated by a review of applicable cases

Rearfoot, mid/forefoot, and barefoot running: biomechanical differences related to injury

Running is an accessible, inexpensive form of exercise. However, running injuries are common and burdensome. Many runners are curious about switching to barefoot (BF) running or minimalist shoes to avoid injuries, which is commonly associated with rearfoot strikers (runners who land on the posterior third of their foot) landing on the middle or front third (mid- or forefoot strike; FFS). My purposes were to determine if undocumented aspects of FFS and BF running are beneficial or harmful compared to rearfoot striking (RFS), and if any potential benefits of FFS or BF running can be achieved by shortening one’s stride length (SL) when using a RFS. I addressed this by conducting four studies. For all studies, habitual rearfoot (hRF) and habitual mid/forefoot strikers (hFF) ran with a RFS, FFS, and BF, and with a shorter SL. I looked at several ground reaction force (GRF) variables, kinematics, joint kinetics, tibial accelerations, stride time variability, and tibial bone stresses. Impact peaks were present in the vertical GRF for RFS and in the posterior and medial directions with a FFS. Loading rates were generally higher in those same respective directions for the two foot strike styles. hRF decreased their vertical GRF variables by using a FFS. Joint moments and contact forces were generally larger at the ankle for FFS while they were similar or larger at the hip for RFS. Some knee moments and contact forces were larger for RFS while others were larger for FFS. Patellofemoral loads were similar for foot strike styles. Nearly all moments and contact forces decreased with a shorter SL. Free moment was distinctly different between foot strikes. Additionally, step width was narrower for FFS, but ITB strain and strain rate were similar, while RFS demonstrated greater pelvic drop. Shortening one’s SL had many minor beneficial effects, including a wider SW, and decreased free moment, pelvic drop, hip adduction, ankle eversion, ITB strain and strain rate. Stride interval long range correlations became more patterned for the novel conditions, suggesting runners were not operating in their optimal state of adaptability, possibly making them susceptible to injury. Finally, FFS resulted in higher compressive, tensile, and shear stresses in the distal tibia compared to RFS and BF. An 8% shorter SL only significantly decreased shear stresses. In conclusion, not all lower extremity loading variables are lower with a FFS or when running BF; in fact, several variables were elevated compared to RFS. Therefore, switching to a FFS (whether shod or BF), may not alleviate certain pain or help runners avoid injury. A more viable option may be to shorten one’s SL 10%

Adventures of a hack project final report to IIF Committee

Project Leaders: Nathan Boyer, Elizabeth ChangFinal report of the 2011/2012 IIF project, "Adventures of a Hack." From the original description: "At the close of the grant period, the "Adventures of a Hack" team has produced a working prototype of a literary adventure game playable on iPads. The game has two parts. In the first, players read and remix 19th century texts, manipulating words, phrases, and plot elements to create new versions of old stories. In the second, players' avatars move through an interactive London animated using nineteenth century newspaper illustrations, pursuing or rejecting mass popularity."MU Interdisciplinary Innovations Fun

Emigrant Widows of Tajikistan and Guatemala: Where Structural Poverty and Structural Repression of Women Intersect

Guatemala and Tajikistan are two countries located in different geographical regions, but they appear to have similarities. Guatemala serves as a link in the illegal drug trafficking route between the world’s highest cocaine producers, Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia, and the United States. Tajikistan receives the bulk of heroin and opium from Afghanistan, the world’s highest producer of the two narcotics, much of which is destined for Russia. Additionally, Transparency International’s 2018 corruption perceptions index ranked Guatemala at 144 and Tajikistan at 152 out of 180 countries, placing both countries among the top third in terms of governmental corruption. Yet, reported crime rates in both countries are low to mid-range compared to many other countries. Many men in both countries emigrate for work, with migrant Tajikistanis overwhelmingly choosing Russia as their destination and Guatemalans seeking work in Mexico or the United States. At the same time, existing literature on both countries indicates high levels of social and/or institutional oppression of women, intrafamilial violence, often directed towards women, and endemic poverty, especially in rural regions. Thus, how do structural limitations affect the social and economic opportunity of “emigrant widows,” or women in these countries whose intimate partners have left them to find work outside the country? This qualitative study focuses on this question. It also examines other phenomena, including drug trafficking and government corruption, which may or may not affect the lives of these women, termed “emigrant widows,” but which may share common contributing factors. The data is presented via an ethnographic portrait of emigrant widows based on qualitative data gleaned through a series of semi-structured field interviews with emigrant widows, social workers, and gender experts in each country. The data is contextualized in a framework of existent relevant scholarly literature and articles and reports produced by governmental organizations, news sources, and non-governmental organizations.Humanitie

On (n,5,3)-Turan systems

The minimal number of triples required to represent all quintuples on an n-element set is determined for n \u3c= 13 and all extremal constructions are found. In particular we establish that there is a unique minimal system on 13 points, namely the 52 collinear triples of the projective plane of order 3