20 research outputs found
La fiscalité miniÚre en Afrique : quelle évolution récente en 2018 ?
The extractive sector is of primary importance to African states. Of the 54 countries on the continent, 20 are considered by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to be rich in natural resources. These are countries whose natural resources account for more than 25 per cent of total exports. All are sub-Saharan African countries: seven export mainly oil and gas, and 13 export mainly minerals: mostly gold, diamonds and precious stones. The significant weight of the extractive sector in these states raises the question of the taxation of these natural resources, which are non-renewable.
An innovative database on the taxation of mining industries in Africa has been put online on the Ferdi website, in partnership with Cerdi and ICTD. This database covers 21 sub-Saharan African countries over a period that varies according to the availability of information in each country but can go back to the 1980s. It was created based on the tax legislation and regulations of each country, essentially the income tax acts, finance acts and mining acts. It separates the general regime (applicable to all companies) from the mining regime (applicable only to holders of mineral rights for prospecting or exploitation on an industrial scale). It focuses on a single ore: gold.Le secteur extractif est de premiĂšre importance pour les Etats africains. Sur les 54 pays que compte le continent, 20 sont considĂ©rĂ©s comme riches en ressources naturelles par le Fonds MonĂ©taire International (FMI)1. Il sâagit des pays dont les ressources naturelles reprĂ©sentent plus de 25% des exportations totales. Tous sont des pays dâAfrique sub-saharienne : 7 exportent principalement du pĂ©trole et du gaz, 13 exportent principalement des minerais : surtout de lâor, des diamants et des pierres prĂ©cieuses. Le poids consĂ©quent du secteur extractif dans ces Etats pose la question de la taxation de ces ressources naturelles qui sont non-renouvelables.
Une base de donnĂ©es inĂ©dite sur la fiscalitĂ© des industries miniĂšres en Afrique a Ă©tĂ© mise en ligne sur le site de la Ferdi, en partenariat avec le Cerdi et lâICTD. Cette base de donnĂ©es couvre 21 pays dâAfrique sub-saharienne sur une pĂ©riode qui varie selon la disponibilitĂ© de lâinformation dans chaque pays mais peut remonter jusque dans les annĂ©es 1980. Elle a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©e Ă partir de la lĂ©gislation et de la rĂ©glementation fiscale de chaque pays, essentiellement les codes gĂ©nĂ©raux des impĂŽts, les lois de finances, les codes miniers et leurs textes dâapplication. Elle distingue le rĂ©gime gĂ©nĂ©ral (applicable Ă toutes les entreprises) du rĂ©gime minier (applicable aux seuls titulaires de titres miniers de recherche ou dâexploitation Ă lâĂ©chelle industrielle). Elle se concentre sur un seul minerai : lâor
La fiscalitĂ© miniĂšre en Afrique : un Ă©tat des lieux du secteur de lâor dans 14 pays de 1980 Ă 2015
The lack of information about the mining resource rent sharing between governments and investors is an easy statement in Africa. Existing public databases are often insufficient for a deep analysis of the African tax law applied to natural resource sectors, which limits the academic and operational work. The FERDI publishes the first tax and legal database which specifies the tax regime applied to industrial gold mining companies in 14 African countries from the 1980s to 2015. The database featuring three major innovations: (i) an inventory of taxes and duties (rate, base and exemptions) payable during the prospecting phase and mining phase of a gold mining project; (ii) an entirely new level of historical depth; (iii) the link between each piece of tax information and its legal source. This database is used to make a first analysis of tax regimes and rent sharing in gold producer countries. The first results emphasize heterogeneity of tax regimes between English-speaking and French-speaking countries with a convergence of the average effective tax rates that increase in most countries following the tax reforms undertaken since 2010
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI): A mine of information to be exploited?
While two-thirds of African countries can be considered resource-rich, taxation of the extractive sector is a challenge for these countries, which also need revenues to finance their development. An in-depth analysis of mining and petroleum rent sharing is therefore essential but is hindered by difficulties in accessing the necessary economic and fiscal data. The wealth of information published by the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is certainly a response to this need for data. However, despite their obvious interest, the use of EITI data is se- verely limited by their lack of centralization and their low level of comparability between countries and even between years. In this context, the construction of a real transnational and pluri-annual EITI database, harmonized and easily us- able, seems to be increasingly essential for providing all stakeholders with the information necessary to understand and analyze the African extractive sector
LâInitiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE) : une mine dâinformations Ă exploiter ?
Alors que les deux tiers des pays africains peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme riches en ressources naturelles, la taxation du secteur extractif reprĂ©sente un dĂ©fi pour les pays concernĂ©s, qui ont de surcroĂźt besoin de ressources pour financer leur dĂ©veloppement. Mener une analyse approfondie du partage de la rente miniĂšre et pĂ©troliĂšre est alors indispensable, mais celle-ci se heurte aux difficultĂ©s dâaccĂšs aux donnĂ©es Ă©conomiques et fiscales nĂ©cessaires. La richesse des nombreuses informations publiĂ©es par lâInitiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE) est assurĂ©ment une rĂ©ponse Ă ce besoin en donnĂ©es. Mais malgrĂ© leur intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©vident, les donnĂ©es de lâITIE voient leur utilisation fortement limitĂ©e par leur manque de centralisation et leur faible niveau de comparabilitĂ© entre les pays et mĂȘme dâune annĂ©e Ă lâautre. Face Ă ce constat, la construction dâune vĂ©ritable base de donnĂ©es ITIE, transnationale et pluriannuelle, qui soit harmonisĂ©e et facilement exploitable, apparaĂźt comme de plus en plus incontournable pour permettre Ă toutes les parties prenantes de disposer des informations nĂ©cessaires Ă la comprĂ©hension et lâanalyse du secteur extractif africain
LâInitiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE) : une mine dâinformations Ă exploiter ?
Alors que les deux tiers des pays africains peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©s comme riches en ressources naturelles, la taxation du secteur extractif reprĂ©sente un dĂ©fi pour les pays concernĂ©s, qui ont de surcroĂźt besoin de ressources pour financer leur dĂ©veloppement. Mener une analyse approfondie du partage de la rente miniĂšre et pĂ©troliĂšre est alors indispensable, mais celle-ci se heurte aux difficultĂ©s dâaccĂšs aux donnĂ©es Ă©conomiques et fiscales nĂ©cessaires. La richesse des nombreuses informations publiĂ©es par lâInitiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE) est assurĂ©ment une rĂ©ponse Ă ce besoin en donnĂ©es. Mais malgrĂ© leur intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©vident, les donnĂ©es de lâITIE voient leur utilisation fortement limitĂ©e par leur manque de centralisation et leur faible niveau de comparabilitĂ© entre les pays et mĂȘme dâune annĂ©e Ă lâautre. Face Ă ce constat, la construction dâune vĂ©ritable base de donnĂ©es ITIE, transnationale et pluriannuelle, qui soit harmonisĂ©e et facilement exploitable, apparaĂźt comme de plus en plus incontournable pour permettre Ă toutes les parties prenantes de disposer des informations nĂ©cessaires Ă la comprĂ©hension et lâanalyse du secteur extractif africain
Tax design and rent sharing in mining sector: Evidence from African goldâproducing countries
International audienc
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI): A mine of information to be exploited?
While two-thirds of African countries can be considered resource-rich, taxation of the extractive sector is a challenge for these countries, which also need revenues to finance their development. An in-depth analysis of mining and petroleum rent sharing is therefore essential but is hindered by difficulties in accessing the necessary economic and fiscal data. The wealth of information published by the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is certainly a response to this need for data. However, despite their obvious interest, the use of EITI data is severely limited by their lack of centralization and their low level of comparability between countries and even between years. In this context, the construction of a real transnational and pluri-annual EITI database, harmonized and easily usable, seems to be increasingly essential for providing all stakeholders with the information necessary to understand and analyze the African extractive sector
The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI): A mine of information to be exploited?
While two-thirds of African countries can be considered resource-rich, taxation of the extractive sector is a challenge for these countries, which also need revenues to finance their development. An in-depth analysis of mining and petroleum rent sharing is therefore essential but is hindered by difficulties in accessing the necessary economic and fiscal data. The wealth of information published by the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is certainly a response to this need for data. However, despite their obvious interest, the use of EITI data is severely limited by their lack of centralization and their low level of comparability between countries and even between years. In this context, the construction of a real transnational and pluri-annual EITI database, harmonized and easily usable, seems to be increasingly essential for providing all stakeholders with the information necessary to understand and analyze the African extractive sector
L'évaluation des dépenses fiscales : des principes à la pratique - Guide méthodologique
International audienceCe guide dĂ©taille la mĂ©thode dâĂ©valuation budgĂ©taire des dĂ©penses fiscales gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©es par les dĂ©rogations en matiĂšre dâimpĂŽt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, dâimpĂŽt sur le revenu des capitaux mobiliers,dâimpĂŽt sur les sociĂ©tĂ©s, y compris lâimpĂŽt minimum forfaitaire, de droits de douane, de droits dâaccises, de taxe sur la valeur ajoutĂ©e, et de droit dâenregistrement. Cette mĂ©thode est basĂ©e sur lâexploitation des donnĂ©es fiscales disponibles dans les deux administrations concernĂ©es par la gestion de ces impĂŽts et taxes : la douane et les impĂŽts. Ce guide a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© par une Ă©quipe coordonnĂ©e par Anne-Marie Geourjon et composĂ©e de Bertrand Laporte, Emilie Caldeira, CĂ©line de Quatrebarbes et Yannick Bouterige. Il sâappuie sur les expĂ©riences dâĂ©valuation des dĂ©penses fiscales de la Ferdi dans plusieurs pays en dĂ©veloppement
La fiscalitĂ© miniĂšre en Afrique : le secteur de lâor dans 14 pays de 1980 Ă 2015
International audienc