Badr Sha kir al-Sayyab: The Man and His Poetry.

The purpose of this dissertation is to study the life and poetry of Badr Shakir al-Sayyab (1926-1964) and ascertain his place in modern Arabic literature. By visits to the scenes of al-Sayyad's life, by personal interview and correspondence with people who knew him, by access to his unpublished poetry and to official documents relating to his education, government position and medical treatment, the author supplemented the knowledge obtained from the poet's published works and from other materials. The picture of the poet emerging from this study is that of one deeply hurt by life. Since boyhood, the death of his mother and the desertion of his father leave him in constant search for love and security. The realization in adolescence that he is ugly, the failure of his love affairs in high school and college, and his sensitivity to social oppression make him join the Communist Party. His poetry meanwhile is romantic and rebellious. Be introduces free verse and helps to create a new movement in Arabic poetry. His struggle against his government causes him to lose his job and enter prison many times. After a short self-exile, he returns home having renounced communism and continues, after his marriage, to oppose his government and criticize Arab society in realist poems achieving literary fame. He welcomes the revolution against the monarchy but later attacks the republican regime for its communist leanings. He uses myths of death and resurrection in his poetry to express his disillusionment and his hopes for Iraq and the Arab nation. He then becomes afflicted with paralysis and spends the last three years of his life being treated at home and abroad, and writing of his pathetic experience with approaching death. His poetry represents the malaise of the Arab world and ushers a new era in Arabic poetry

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. publications, and researchers should consider studying the questions brought forth in this document

Standardized Competencies for Parenteral Nutrition Prescribing: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Model

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provision is complex, as it is a high-alert medication and prone to a variety of potential errors. With changes in clinical practice models and recent federal rulings, the number of PN prescribers may be increasing. Safe prescribing of this therapy requires that competency for prescribers from all disciplines be demonstrated using a standardized process. A standardized model for PN prescribing competency is proposed based on a competency framework, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)–published interdisciplinary core competencies, safe practice recommendations, and clinical guidelines. This framework will guide institutions and agencies in developing and maintaining competency for safe PN prescription by their staff

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations: Translation Into Practice

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risk for adverse events. Despite being classified and acknowledged as a high-alert medication,1 only 58% of organizations have precautions in place to prevent errors and patient harm associated with PN.2 Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy. However, the broad range of healthcare settings in which PN administration occurs—from critical care to home care—raises the potential for disparities to exist in the knowledge and skills of the healthcare professionals responsible for PN prescribing, review, preparation (including compounding, labeling, and dispensing), and administration. Regardless of the setting or the number of patients treated in a given facility, the classification of PN as a high-alert medication requires all healthcare organizations to develop evidence-based policies and procedures related to PN. With these concepts in mind, the A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Task Force developed the A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, available online in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (JPEN) in late 2013 and published in March