Impacts of Winemaking Methods on Wastewaters and their Treatment

The volume, composition and organic load of wastewaters from five wineries producing white, rosé and red wines bythermovinification, as well as traditionally vinified red wines (75 000 hL to 240 000 hL wine), were studied in termsof the vinification methods used. Liquid-phase vinifications (white, rosé, thermovinification) produce wastewatersrich in sugars: 70% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) when the must is treated, and flows depend on thedaily supply of grapes, representing 40 to 46% of the annual volume of wastewaters during the first month ofactivity (September). In contrast, solid-phase vinifications do not produce large quantities of waste at harvest, andwastewaters produced mainly during devatting are characterised by a predominance of ethanol (≤ 75% COD) andby staggered flows towards the second month (October), which are less intense (26.7 to 33.6%) and more spread out.The specific pollution coefficients of liquid-phase vinifications (5.18 to 6.04 kg COD/t grapes) are greater than thoseof solid-phase vinifications (3.82 kg COD/t grapes). The higher the winery’s liquid-phase vinification rate, the morethe maximal monthly volume of waste will be intense and early. These results should contribute to the improveddesign and management of winery wastewater treatments

Sulfate reduction and anaerobic glycerol degradation by a mixed microbial culture

39 ref.International audienc

Effects of sulfate on lactate and C2-, C3- volatile fatty acid anaerobic degradation by a mixed microbial culture

International audienc

Semi-free forearm flap for pharyngeal-esophageal reconstruction after radiation therapy

AbstractReconstruction of the pharynx and upper esophagus uses various procedures, including pedicled or free flap. Pharyngoplasty with free forearm flap provides excellent functional results. In radiation-related pharyngeal stenosis, recipient vascularization is often poor, especially in the venous system. The authors describe pharyngeal reconstruction with semi-free forearm flap, pedicled on the cephalic vein, to minimize the risk of venous thrombosis, which is the main factor of free forearm flap necrosis. Taking the case of a laryngectomy with complete pharyngeal stenosis after radiation therapy and iterative neck surgery, the technique of pharyngeal-esophageal reconstruction by semi-free forearm flap is described in a context of impaired vascularization

The effect of self-awareness on the ability to recognize personal motion

The purpose of this study was to examine the abilities of athletes with specific gait training (i.e., runners) discriminating personal gait from point-light videos were compared to athletes for whom gait is not a trained aspect of the sport (i.e., swimmers), and that of a control. It was hypothesized that runners would discriminate their gait among different individuals with greater accuracy than the other two groups and that runners would also devote more attention to the lower extremities for recognition indications. Results showed that runners group recognized themselves more often than the other two groups (p = .048, η 2 = 0.18), and that runners allotted more visual attention to the lower extremities (p < .05, ηp 2 = 0.16) when viewing the point-light videos than the other groups. The findings were consistent with other investigations with point-light video representations of movement and suggest that experience and training lead to movement self-awareness that is both recognizable and accessible by a performer.The project was supported by a grant from the Research Council at Western Illinois University for the purchase of the Gazepoint eye tracking equipment

Environmental Impacts of Tartaric Stabilisation Processes for Wines using Electrodialysis and Cold Treatment

The environmental impacts of the two tartaric stabilisation methods used for wines, electrodialysis andcold treatment, were studied by determining water consumption (for the process and cleaning), wasteproduced (organic load and the composition of wastewater and residues) and energy consumption, atthe pilot stage and in wineries. Thanks to an online treatment of electrodialysis brines by reverse osmosis(industrial facility that treats 30 hL wine/h), the recycling of permeates led to a 65% reduction in waterconsumption, the volume of which represented only 3.9% of the wine treated. When washing and cleaningwater from the ED-RO system was taken into account, overall water consumption was 5.5 L/hL wine. Thepresence of ethanol, due to an osmotic phenomenon with no loss of wine volume, and tartaric acid in thebrines contributes to the organic load of the brine, with a COD of close to 8.4 g O2/L. Overall electricalenergy consumption for stabilisation by electrodialysis (0.21 kWh/hL) turned out to be eight times lowerthan that of cold stabilisation. An evaluation of cold stabilisation effluents revealed that 66.6% of the CODdischarged came from the diatomaceous earth (DE), 21.8% from the washing of the filter and 11.4% fromthe washing of the cold treatment tank. The production of used DE was 2.64 g (wet weight)/L of wine, andthe ethanol present in the DE waste represented a loss in wine volume of 0.14 L/hL

Core binding factors are necessary for natural killer cell development, and cooperate with Notch signaling during T cell specification

CBF{beta} is the non-DNA binding subunit of the core binding factors (CBFs). Mice with reduced CBF{beta} levels display profound, early defects in T but not B cell development. Here we show that CBF{beta} is also required at very early stages of natural killer (NK) cell development. We also demonstrate that T cell development aborts during specification, as the expression of Gata3 and Tcf7, which encode key regulators of T lineage specification, is substantially reduced, as are functional thymic progenitors. Constitutively active Notch or IL-7 signaling cannot restore T cell expansion or differentiation of CBF{beta} insufficient cells, nor can overexpression of Runx1 or CBF{beta} overcome a lack of Notch signaling. Therefore the ability of the prethymic cell to respond appropriately to Notch is dependent on CBF{beta}, and both signals converge to activate the T cell developmental program