Optimal omegas – barriers and novel methods to narrow omega-3 gaps. A narrative review

Copyright © 2024 Derbyshire, Birch, Bonwick, English, Metcalfe and Li. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae

The pharmaceutical use of permethrin: Sources and behavior during municipal sewage treatment

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.Permethrin entered use in the 1970s as an insecticide in a wide range of applications, including agriculture, horticultural, and forestry, and has since been restricted. In the 21st century, the presence of permethrin in the aquatic environment has been attributed to its use as a human and veterinary pharmaceutical, in particular as a pedeculicide, in addition to other uses, such as a moth-proofing agent. However, as a consequence of its toxicity to fish, sources of permethrin and its fate and behavior during wastewater treatment are topics of concern. This study has established that high overall removal of permethrin (approximately 90%) was achieved during wastewater treatment and that this was strongly dependent on the extent of biological degradation in secondary treatment, with more limited subsequent removal in tertiary treatment processes. Sources of permethrin in the catchment matched well with measured values in crude sewage and indicated that domestic use accounted for more than half of the load to the treatment works. However, removal may not be consistent enough to achieve the environmental quality standards now being derived in many countries even where tertiary treatment processes are applied.United Utilities PL

Energy Proportionality and Workload Consolidation for Latency-Critical Applications

Energy proportionality and workload consolidation are important objectives towards increasing efficiency in large-scale datacenters. Our work focuses on achieving these goals in the presence of applications with microsecond-scale tail latency requirements. Such applications represent a growing subset of datacenter workloads and are typically deployed on dedicated servers, which is the simplest way to ensure low tail latency across all loads. Unfortunately, it also leads to low energy efficiency and low resource utilization during the frequent periods of medium or low load. We present the OS mechanisms and dynamic control needed to adjust core allocation and voltage/frequency settings based on the measured delays for latency-critical workloads. This allows for energy proportionality and frees the maximum amount of resources per server for other background applications, while respecting service-level objectives. The two key mechanism allow us to detect increases in queuing latencies and to re-assign flow groups between the threads of a latency-critical application in milliseconds without dropping or reordering packets. We compare the efficiency of our solution to the Pareto-optimal frontier of 224 distinct static configurations. Dynamic resource control saves 44%–54% of processor energy, which corresponds to 85%–93% of the Pareto-optimal upper bound. Dynamic resource control also allows background jobs to run at 32%–46% of their standalone throughput, which corresponds to 82%–92% of the Pareto bound

Land-use conflict in the Otways region

Once connected to Tasmania, then surrounded by the sea and finally separated by volcanic activity to the north, the Otway Ranges became segregated into an ecological, isolated island forest. Originally there were 500,000 hectares of forest in the region, but after 135 years of European settlement this has been reduced by 400,000 hectares as a result of land clearing for settlement, the periodic incidence of fires, and the logging practices of the local timber industry. The remaining forests are managed for multiple use, with a high emphasis on hardwood production and also on water production, for as well as providing timber to the south-west of Victoria, Geelong, and Melbourne, the ranges, with an average annual rainfall of up to 2,000 mm, are the prime source of domestic water supply for the south-west and a necessary prerequisite for any future development in the area. Other land uses in the Otways Region include privately owned softwood plantations, State and National Parks, recreation areas, and the provision of a habitat for the natural biota. There are claims that the continuing emphasis on timber production, itself evolving from the predominance of the industry in the past, is detrimental to some of these other land uses, and that, in particular, logging in proclaimed water catchments is detrimental to the water supply, and the future of the industry, already undergoing internal structural changes and providing fewer jobs than in the past, is therefore in some doubt. This thesis will consider whether there is a conflict between various types of land uses in the region and how, if one does seem to exist, the timber industry, and by implication the current land use pattern, may change to achieve a resolution of that conflict. As over half of the entire area of designated water catchments is also available for hardwood production, this form of multiple use has been chosen to address these questions, and one land system,the West Barham River catchment, is studied in detail to illustrate the relationships which exist between vegetation and those interrelated aspects of land functioning which affect the water supply. The West Barham River is located in the southeast of the Otways Region, and supplies the coastal township of Apollo Bay with water for local consumption; logging has been carried out in the headwaters of the catchment since 1976, by the present licensees, Calco Sawmilling Company Pty. Ltd. and ET & EW Murnane Pty. Ltd., both located in Colac