1,877 research outputs found
Self-organizing social hierarchies in a timid society
Emergence of hierarchies is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation in a timid
society where all individuals are pacifist. The self-organiztion of hierarchies
is shown to occur in two steps as the population is increased, i.e. there are
three states, one egalitarian and two hierarchical states;the transition from
the egalitarian to the first hierarchical state is continuous and the
transition from the first hierachical state to the second one is discontinuous.
In the first hierarchical society, all individuals belong to either middle
class or losers and no winners appear. In the second hierarchical society, many
winners emerge and the population of the middle class is reduced. The hierarchy
in the second hierarchical society is stronger than the hierachy in a
no-preference society studied by Bonabeau et al [ Physica A{\bf 217}, 373
(1995)]Comment: 8pages with 6figure
Space-irrelevant scaling law for fish school sizes
Universal scaling in the power-law size distribution of pelagic fish schools
is established. The power-law exponent of size distributions is extracted
through the data collapse. The distribution depends on the school size only
through the ratio of the size to the expected size of the schools an arbitrary
individual engages in. This expected size is linear in the ratio of the spatial
population density of fish to the breakup rate of school. By means of extensive
numerical simulations, it is verified that the law is completely independent of
the dimension of the space in which the fish move. Besides the scaling analysis
on school size distributions, the integrity of schools over extended periods of
time is discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures, to appear in J. Theor. Bio
Self-organizing social hierarchy and villages in a challenging society
We show by Monte Calro (MC) simulation that the hierarchy and villages emerge
simultaneously in a challenging society when the population density exceeds a
critical value. Our results indicate that among controlling processes of
diffusion and fighting of individuals and relaxation of wealth, the trend of
individuals challeninging to stronger neighbors plays the pivotal role in the
self-organization of the hierarchy and villages
Protocol Requirements for Self-organizing Artifacts: Towards an Ambient Intelligence
We discuss which properties common-use artifacts should have to collaborate
without human intervention. We conceive how devices, such as mobile phones,
PDAs, and home appliances, could be seamlessly integrated to provide an
"ambient intelligence" that responds to the user's desires without requiring
explicit programming or commands. While the hardware and software technology to
build such systems already exists, as yet there is no standard protocol that
can learn new meanings. We propose the first steps in the development of such a
protocol, which would need to be adaptive, extensible, and open to the
community, while promoting self-organization. We argue that devices,
interacting through "game-like" moves, can learn to agree about how to
communicate, with whom to cooperate, and how to delegate and coordinate
specialized tasks. Thus, they may evolve a distributed cognition or collective
intelligence capable of tackling complex tasks.Comment: To be presented at 5th International Conference on Complex System
Swarm-Oscillators
Nonlinear coupling between inter- and intra-element dynamics appears as a
collective behaviour of elements. The elements in this paper denote symptoms
such as a bacterium having an internal network of genes and proteins, a
reactive droplet, a neuron in networks, etc. In order to elucidate the
capability of such systems, a simple and reasonable model is derived. This
model exhibits the rich patterns of systems such as cell membrane, cell fusion,
cell growing, cell division, firework, branch, and clustered clusters
(self-organized hierarchical structure, modular network). This model is
extremely simple yet powerful; therefore, it is expected to impact several
disciplines.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Power-law versus exponential distributions of animal group sizes
There has been some confusion concerning the animal group-size: an
exponential distribution was deduced by maximizing the entropy; lognormal
distributions were practically used; a power-law decay with exponent {3/2} was
proposed in physical analogy to aerosol condensation. Here I show that the
animal group-size distribution follows a power-law decay with exponent 1, and
is truncated at a cut-off size which is the expected size of the groups an
arbitrary individual engages in. An elementary model of animal aggregation
based on binary splitting and coalescing on contingent encounter is presented.
The model predicted size distribution holds for various data from pelagic
fishes and mammalian herbivores in the wild.Comment: 19 pages,9 figures, to appear in J. Theor. Bio
Logistic Constraints on 3D Termite Construction
Abstract. The building behaviour of termites has previously been modelled mathematically in two dimensions. However, physical and logistic constraints were not taken into account in these models. Here, we develop and test a three-dimensional agent-based model of this process that places realistic constraints on the diffusion of pheromones, the movement of termites, and the integrity of the architecture that they construct. The following scenarios are modelled: the use of a pheromone template in the construction of a simple royal chamber, the effect of wind on this process, and the construction of covered pathways. We consider the role of the third dimension and the effect of logistic constraints on termite behaviour and, reciprocally, the structures that they create. For instance, when agents find it difficult to reach some elevated or exterior areas of the growing structure, building proceeds at a reduced rate in these areas, ultimately influencing the range of termite-buildable architectures
"Antiferromagnetism" in social relations and Bonabeau model
We here present a fixed agents version of an original model of the emergence
of hierarchies among social agents first introduced by Bonabeau \textit{et al}.
Having interactions occurring on a social network rather than among 'walkers'
doesn't drastically alter the dynamics. But it makes social structures more
stable and give a clearer picture of the social organisation in a `mixed'
regime.Comment: 11 pages including 7 figure
Flight Gate Assignment with a Quantum Annealer
Optimal flight gate assignment is a highly relevant optimization problem from
airport management. Among others, an important goal is the minimization of the
total transit time of the passengers. The corresponding objective function is
quadratic in the binary decision variables encoding the flight-to-gate
assignment. Hence, it is a quadratic assignment problem being hard to solve in
general. In this work we investigate the solvability of this problem with a
D-Wave quantum annealer. These machines are optimizers for quadratic
unconstrained optimization problems (QUBO). Therefore the flight gate
assignment problem seems to be well suited for these machines. We use real
world data from a mid-sized German airport as well as simulation based data to
extract typical instances small enough to be amenable to the D-Wave machine. In
order to mitigate precision problems, we employ bin packing on the passenger
numbers to reduce the precision requirements of the extracted instances. We
find that, for the instances we investigated, the bin packing has little effect
on the solution quality. Hence, we were able to solve small problem instances
extracted from real data with the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer.Comment: Updated figure
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