Electronic sputtering and desorption effects in TOF-SIMS studies using slow highly charged ions like Au{sup 69+}

Secondary ion yields from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and SiO{sub 2} (native oxide on float zone silicon) targets at impact of slow (v {approx} 0.3 v{sub bohr}) highly charged ions have been measured by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). A direct comparison of collisional and electronic effects in secondary ion production using a beam of charge state equilibrated 300 keV Xe{sup 1+} shows a secondary ion yield increase with incident ion charge of {>=}100

Strong Directional Out-of-Plane Scattering in Multiple Ionizing Highly Charged Ion-Atom Collisions

The azimuthal ({phi}{sub r}) and polar angle ({theta}{sub r}) scattering of projectiles in coincidence with recoil ions has been studied for 0.53 MeV/u F{sup 8+} + Ne. For high degree of ionization of the target we find the resultant transverse momentum of all electrons emitted into the continuum to increase with the number of ejected electrons and to have a direction mostly not co-planar with the scattering plane

Characterisation of the British honey bee metagenome

Numerous microbial symbionts, both commensal and pathogenic, are associated with honey bees. Here, the authors genomically characterize this ‘metagenome’ of the British honey bee, identifying a diversity of commensal microbes as well as known and putative pathogen

'She called her partner - hence she is needy':depressed patients show increased tendencies to make spontaneous trait inferences

BackgroundInterpersonal stress generation is an important maintaining factor in major depression; however, little is known about the psychological mechanisms that undermine interpersonal functioning. This study investigated the role of deficits in person perception to this regard.MethodDepressed patients (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20) completed a false recognition task that measured participants' tendencies to make spontaneous trait inferences (STIs), that is to spontaneously ascribe personality traits to other people. Participants then reported interpersonal daily hassles for one week following the task.ResultsTendencies to make STIs were significantly higher in depressed patients, particularly those with a history of childhood trauma. The degree to which participants made STIs was significantly related to depression severity, and predicted the occurrence of interpersonal daily hassles during follow-up across, but not within groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that depressed patients show characteristic biases in person perception that may contribute to the generation of interpersonal stress.</jats:sec

Biofunctionalization of free-standing porous silicon films for self-assembly of photonic devices

Here we test chemical strategies for the fabrication of free-standing porous silicon thin films that are covalently modified on one of their faces with biorecognition elements to guide the vertical self-assembly of optical structures. Chemical modification via hydrosilylation of alkenes followed by coupling of biomolecules is carried out after the porous silicon film is lifted off from the silicon wafer to avoid damage to the organic monolayer during the lift-off step. Micron-sized biotinylated particles produced from asymmetrically modified porous silicon films are deposited via biorecognition in the correct orientation onto a substrate modified with avidin to form optical resonant microcavities