sj-docx-1-ras-10.1177_00208523231185531 - Supplemental material for How does policy attention affect e-government performance? The role of resource allocation and public–private collaboration

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ras-10.1177_00208523231185531 for How does policy attention affect e-government performance? The role of resource allocation and public–private collaboration by Taiting Pan and Bo Fan in International Review of Administrative Sciences</p

Media 1: Yb³⁺-doped GeS₂-Ga₂S₃-CsCl glass with broad and adjustable absorption/excitation band for near-infrared luminescence

Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 July 2013 (ol-38-13-2280

Media 2: Yb³⁺-doped GeS₂-Ga₂S₃-CsCl glass with broad and adjustable absorption/excitation band for near-infrared luminescence

Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 July 2013 (ol-38-13-2280

Media 3: Yb³⁺-doped GeS₂-Ga₂S₃-CsCl glass with broad and adjustable absorption/excitation band for near-infrared luminescence

Originally published in Optics Letters on 01 July 2013 (ol-38-13-2280

Results of logistic regression models to distinguish those individuals with diabetes, high triglycerides (TG), low HDL, high blood pressure (BP), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mortality in NHANES 1999–2004 by trunk to leg volume ratio.

<p>AUC is the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve. Odds ratios are displayed as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). Quartile cut points (Q1-Q4) were based on individuals without diabetes.</p>a<p>Age model adjusts for age.</p>b<p>Covariate model adjusts for gender, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, waist circumference, self-reported activity level, and poverty index ratio.</p>c<p>Covariate 2 model adjusts for gender, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, waist circumference, self-reported activity level, poverty index ratio, and trunk to leg fat mass ratio.</p>d<p>Full model adjusts for all variables in ^b and insulin, triglycerides, HDL, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.</p>e<p>Full 2 model adjusts for all variables in ^d and trunk to leg fat mass ratio.</p>*<p>Odds ratio not significant.</p>†<p>Forward selection turned off because trunk to leg volume ratio quartile wasn’t significant enough to remain in the model otherwise.</p

Prevalence of diabetes and metabolic covariates versus trunk to leg volume ratio by BMI category.

<p>The prevalence of diabetes (A), high triglycerides (B), low HDL (C), and high blood pressure (D) versus trunk to leg volume ratio quartile for normal BMI (> = 18.5 kg/m² and <25 kg/m²), overweight BMI (> = 25 kg/m² and <30 kg/m²), obese BMI (> = 30 kg/m²), and total population in NHANES 1999–2004 are shown below. All data displayed had a significant trend (P-for-trend <0.001) in prevalence versus quartile of trunk to leg volume ratio. There was a significant (P<0.001) interaction (trunk to leg volume ratio quartile & BMI category) in the prevalence of diabetes and high blood pressure.</p

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition reference values of limbs and trunk from NHANES 1999–2004 with additional visualization methods

<div><p>Body Mass Index has traditionally been used as a measure of health, but Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Lean Mass Index (LMI) have been shown to be more predictive of mortality and health risk. Total body FMI and LMI reference curves have particularly been useful in quantifying sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Research has shown regional composition has significant associations to health outcomes. We derived FMI and LMI reference curves of the regions of the body (leg, arm, and trunk) for 15,908 individuals in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for each sex and ethnicity using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method and developed software to visualize this regional composition. These reference curves displayed differentiation between males and females during puberty and sharper limb LMI declines during late adulthood for males. For adults ages 30–50, females had 39%, 83%, and 47% larger arm, leg, and trunk FMI values than males, respectively. Males had 49%, 20%, and 15% higher regional LMI values than females for the arms, legs, and trunk respectively. The leg FMI and LMI of black females were 14% and 15% higher respectively than those of Hispanic and white females. White and Hispanic males had 37% higher trunk FMI values than black males. Hispanic females had 20% higher trunk FMI than white and black females. These data underscore the importance of accounting for sex and ethnicity in studies of regional composition. This study is the first to produce regional LMI and FMI reference tables and curves from the NHANES dataset. These reference curves provide a framework useful in studies and research involving sarcopenia, obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and other studies of compositional phenotypes. Further, the software tool we provide for visualizing regional composition will prove useful in monitoring progress in physical therapy, diets, or other attempts to attain healthier compositions.</p></div

Prevalence of diabetes and metabolic covariates versus trunk to leg volume ratio quartile by race/ethnicity.

<p>The prevalence of diabetes (A), high triglycerides (B), low HDL (C), and high blood pressure (D) versus trunk to leg volume ratio quartile for race/ethnicity in NHANES 1999–2004 are shown below. All data displayed had a significant trend (P-for-trend <0.001) in prevalence versus quartile of trunk to leg volume ratio. There was a significant (P<0.05) interaction term (trunk to leg volume ratio quartile & race/ethnicity) in the prevalence of diabetes and high blood pressure.</p

Demographics of individuals analyzed in NHANES 1999–2004 by BMI category displayed as total number (for gender and race/ethnicity) and mean ± standard deviation for all other measures.

<p>BMI categories were defined as follows: underweight BMI (<18.5 kg/m²), normal BMI (> = 18.5 kg/m² and <25 kg/m²), overweight BMI (> = 25 kg/m² and <30 kg/m²), and obese BMI (> = 30 kg/m²). All measures displayed were significantly different (P<0.05) for each BMI category (by Bonferroni-adjusted t-test) unless otherwise noted.</p>a<p>Differences between Overweight & Obese were not significantly significant.</p>b<p>Differences between Underweight & Normal were not significantly significant.</p>c<p>Differences between Underweight & Overweight were not significantly significant.</p

Polyglyoxylates: A Versatile Class of Triggerable Self-Immolative Polymers from Readily Accessible Monomers

Self-immolative polymers, which degrade by an end-to-end depolymerization mechanism in response to the cleavage of a stabilizing end-cap from the polymer terminus, are of increasing interest for a wide variety of applications ranging from sensors to controlled release. However, the preparation of these materials often requires expensive, multistep monomer syntheses, and the degradation products such as quinone methides or phthalaldehydes are potentially toxic to humans and the environment. We demonstrate here that polyglyxoylates can serve as a new and versatile class of self-immolative polymers. Polymerization of the commercially available monomer ethyl glyoxylate, followed by end-capping with a 6-nitroveratryl carbonate, provides a poly­(ethyl glyoxylate) that depolymerizes selectively upon irradiation with UV light, ultimately generating ethanol and the metabolic intermediate glyoxylic acid hydrate. To access polyglyoxylates with different properties, the polymerization and end-capping approach can also be extended to other glyoxylate monomers including methyl glyoxylate, <i>n</i>-butyl glyoxylate, and benzyl glyoxylate, which can be easily prepared from their corresponding fumaric or maleic acid derivatives. Random copolymers of these monomers with ethyl glyoxylate can also be prepared. Furthermore, using a multifunctional end-cap that is UV-responsive and also enables the conjugation of another polymer block via an azide–alkyne “click” cycloaddition, amphiphilic self-immolative block copolymers are also prepared. These block copolymers self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution, and their poly­(ethyl glyoxylate) blocks rapidly depolymerize upon UV irradiation. Overall, these strategies are expected to greatly expand the utility of self-immolative polymers by providing access for the first time to self-immolative polymers with tunable properties that can be readily obtained from simple monomers and can be designed to depolymerize into nontoxic products