Multidimensional Geometrical Model of the Renormalized Electrical Charge with Splitting off the Extra Coordinates

A geometrical model of electric charge is proposed. This model has ``naked'' charge screened with a ``fur - coat'' consisting of virtual wormholes. The 5D wormhole solution in the Kaluza - Klein theory is the ``naked'' charge. The splitting off of the 5D dimension happens on the two spheres (null surfaces) bounding this 5D wormhole. This allows one to sew two Reissner - Nordstr\"om black holes onto it on both sides. The virtual wormholes entrap a part of the electrical flux lines coming into the ``naked'' charge. This effect essentially changes the charge visible at infinity so that it satisfies the real relation $m^2<e^2$.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, awarded Honorable Mention by Grav.Res.Found., 199

On Subleading Contributions to the AdS/CFT Trace Anomaly

In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we perform a direct computation in AdS_5 supergravity of the trace anomaly of a d=4, N=2 SCFT. We find agreement with the field theory result up to next to leading order in the 1/N expansion. In particular, the order N gravitational contribution to the anomaly is obtained from a Riemann tensor squared term in the 7-brane effective action deduced from heterotic - type I duality. We also discuss, in the AdS/CFT context, the order N corrections to the trace anomaly in d=4, N=4 SCFTs involving SO or Sp gauge groups.Comment: 25 pages, LaTeX, v2: references adde

Fermi Coordinates and Penrose Limits

We propose a formulation of the Penrose plane wave limit in terms of null Fermi coordinates. This provides a physically intuitive (Fermi coordinates are direct measures of geodesic distance in space-time) and manifestly covariant description of the expansion around the plane wave metric in terms of components of the curvature tensor of the original metric, and generalises the covariant description of the lowest order Penrose limit metric itself, obtained in hep-th/0312029. We describe in some detail the construction of null Fermi coordinates and the corresponding expansion of the metric, and then study various aspects of the higher order corrections to the Penrose limit. In particular, we observe that in general the first-order corrected metric is such that it admits a light-cone gauge description in string theory. We also establish a formal analogue of the Weyl tensor peeling theorem for the Penrose limit expansion in any dimension, and we give a simple derivation of the leading (quadratic) corrections to the Penrose limit of AdS_5 x S^5.Comment: 25 page

PP-waves from BPS supergravity monopoles

We discuss the Penrose limit of the Chamseddine-Volkov BPS selfgravitating monopole in four dimensional N=4 supergravity theory with non-abelian gauge multiplets. We analyze the properties of the resulting supersymmetric pp-wave solutions when various Penrose limits are considered. Apart from the usual rescaling of coordinates and fields we find that a rescaling of the gauge coupling constant to zero is required, rendering the theory abelian. We also study the Killing spinor equations showing an enhancement of the supersymmetries preserved by the solutions and discuss the embedding of the pp-wave solution in $d=10$ dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, no figures. Minor changes, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Penrose Limits and Spacetime Singularities

We give a covariant characterisation of the Penrose plane wave limit: the plane wave profile matrix $A(u)$ is the restriction of the null geodesic deviation matrix (curvature tensor) of the original spacetime metric to the null geodesic, evaluated in a comoving frame. We also consider the Penrose limits of spacetime singularities and show that for a large class of black hole, cosmological and null singularities (of Szekeres-Iyer ``power-law type''), including those of the FRW and Schwarzschild metrics, the result is a singular homogeneous plane wave with profile $A(u)\sim u^{-2}$, the scale invariance of the latter reflecting the power-law behaviour of the singularities.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX2e; v2: additional references and cosmetic correction

The Refractive Index of Curved Spacetime II: QED, Penrose Limits and Black Holes

This work considers the way that quantum loop effects modify the propagation of light in curved space. The calculation of the refractive index for scalar QED is reviewed and then extended for the first time to QED with spinor particles in the loop. It is shown how, in both cases, the low frequency phase velocity can be greater than c, as found originally by Drummond and Hathrell, but causality is respected in the sense that retarded Green functions vanish outside the lightcone. A "phenomenology" of the refractive index is then presented for black holes, FRW universes and gravitational waves. In some cases, some of the polarization states propagate with a refractive index having a negative imaginary part indicating a potential breakdown of the optical theorem in curved space and possible instabilities.Comment: 62 pages, 14 figures, some signs corrected in formulae and graph

Scalar Field Probes of Power-Law Space-Time Singularities

We analyse the effective potential of the scalar wave equation near generic space-time singularities of power-law type (Szekeres-Iyer metrics) and show that the effective potential exhibits a universal and scale invariant leading x^{-2} inverse square behaviour in the ``tortoise coordinate'' x provided that the metrics satisfy the strict Dominant Energy Condition (DEC). This result parallels that obtained in hep-th/0403252 for probes consisting of families of massless particles (null geodesic deviation, a.k.a. the Penrose Limit). The detailed properties of the scalar wave operator depend sensitively on the numerical coefficient of the x^{-2}-term, and as one application we show that timelike singularities satisfying the DEC are quantum mechanically singular in the sense of the Horowitz-Marolf (essential self-adjointness) criterion. We also comment on some related issues like the near-singularity behaviour of the scalar fields permitted by the Friedrichs extension.Comment: v2: 21 pages, JHEP3.cls, one reference adde

On the pp-wave limit and the BMN structure of new Sasaki-Einstein spaces

We construct the pp-wave string associated with the Penrose limit of $Y^{p,q}$ and $L^{p,q,r}$ families of Sasaki-Einstein geometries. We identify in the dual quiver gauge theories the chiral and the non-chiral operators that correspond to the ground state and the first excited states. We present an explicit identification in a prototype model of $L^{1,7,3}$.Comment: 21 pages, JHEP format, 5 figures, acknowledgement correcte

On Penrose limit of elliptic branes

We discuss a Penrose limit of an elliptic brane configuration with $N_1$ NS5 and $N_2$ D4 branes. This background is T-dual to $N_1$ D3 branes at a fixed point of a $\mathbf{C}^3/\mathbf{Z}_{N_2}$ singularity and the T-duality survives the Penrose limit. The triple scaling limit of $N_1$ and $N_2$ gives rise to IIA pp-wave solution with a space-like compact direction. We identify the quiver gauge theory operators and argue that upon exchange of the momentum along the compact direction and the winding number these operators coincide with the operators derived in the dual type IIB description. We also find a new Penrose limit of the type IIB background and the corresponding limit in the type IIA picture. In the coordinate system we use there are two manifest space-like isometries. The quiver gauge theory operator duals of the string states are built of three bosonic fields.Comment: 25 pages with 1 figur