Varieties of grupoids with axioms of the form x^{m+1}y = xy and/or xy^{n+1} = xy

The subject of this paper are varieties (M;N) of groupoids defined by the following system of identities { xm+1y = xy : m M } { xyn+1 = xy : n N }, where M, N are sets of positive integers. The equation (M;N) = (M\u27;N\u27) for any given pair (M,N) is solved, and, among all solutions, one called canonical, is singled out. Applying a result of Evans it is shown for finite M and N that: if M and N are nonempty and gcd(M) = gcd(M N), or only one of M and N is nonempty, then the word problem is solvable in (M;N)

Oral–surgical treatment of periodontal pocket with guided bone and soft tissue regeneration

Periodontal disease is defined as a complex, multifactorial disease characterized by the loss of connective tissue attachment with destruction of periodontal tissues. The aim of periodontal therapy is to eliminate inflammatory process, prevent the progression of periodontal disease and also to regenerate the lost of periodontal tissues. Loss of the bone support by creating a periodontal pocket is one of the most common cause of tooth extraction. Their treatment can be conservative and surgical. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the treatment of infrabony periodontal defects with bone and soft tissue regeneration. On periodontal examination and radiographic evaluation, the female 56-year-old patient presented with an infrabony defect extending up to apical third of the mesial side of the right maxillary second molar with a probing depth of 8 mm. After conservative periodontal treatment, oral surgical intervention was performed including open flap debridement and filling the defect with xenograft and plasma rich fibrin. The application of xenograft and Plasma rich fibrin resulted in bone regeneration of the defect and successful fixed prosthodontic solution. Guided bone and soft tissue regeneration using xenograft and fibrin-rich plasma gives successful radiological and clinical signs of bone augmentation and consolidation of defects caused by loss of tooth attachment. Keywords: periodontal pocket, xenograft, PRF

Patient with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody Associated Small Vessel Vasculitis, Acute Renal Failure, and Coronavirus Disease-19 Pneumonia: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge

BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) has a predilection for the kidney and more than three quarters of patients have renal involvement with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Small-vessel systemic vasculitis may present as pulmonary-renal syndrome and is characterized by necrotizing glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. Diagnosis and therapy for AAV in coronavirus disease (COVID) COVID-19 pandemic require multi-disciplinary collaboration due to the affection of multiple systems and risks associated with immunosuppressive medications. CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old non-smoker, non-diabetic female presented in the outpatient unit at the department of pulmonology with dry cough, malaise, and sub-febrile temperature, lasting for 1 month. The patient had a high suspicion of severe pulmonary-renal syndrome, ANCA-AAV, and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. She was treated with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange. The treatment led to temporary improvement. Infections with COVID-19, Enterococcus in the urine, and Acinetobacter in the tracheal aspirate further complicated the clinical picture and despite antibiotic treatment, use of tocilizumab and convalescent plasma, the outcome was lethal. CONCLUSION: It is important to establish the diagnosis and distinguish accurately between vasculitis and infection to provide adequate and timely therapy

Relation between quantity of disinfectants used and appearance of intra-hospital infections in selected hospitals

The aim of this study was to review of the use of antiseptics and disinfectants in selected hospitals over five year’s period. The data were collected from hospitals in Strumica, Ohrid, Veles, Stip and Kavadarci over five years. The data from the annual reports for disinfectants and antiseptics (Bactosal, Ecosal, Dezintal, Betadine, Hydrogen peroxide, Formaldehyde, Ethanol) used on the selected departments for gynecology, surgery and transfusion were collected. The results of microbiological testing conducted by the public health centers in Strumica, Ohrid, Veles, Stip and Kavadarci over five years were collected and used. Routine testing period for microbiological controls in hospitals was 15 days. In general the disinfectants and antiseptics are used optimally and correctly according to the needs of the hospitals investigated. The amount of disinfectants and antiseptics consumed comparing with the microbiological data indicates their rational utilization starting from 2012. Use of disinfectants according to the standardized procedures established by the IHI times allows current daily care for patients and staff in the hospitals investigated. The processed data from public health centers confirm the above and point out the precautions to be taken when conditionally pathogenic bacteria have been detected. It is pointed out the role of IHI times in the hospitals, as well as the role of hospital pharmacists. We would like to suggest the implementation of disinfection process validation as standardization measure as well as more often routine microbiological controls in the hospitals

VISUALIZATION OF FORD-FULKERSON ALGORITHM

In this paper, is examined the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for finding the maximum flow in the flow network. For this purpose, we first give the basic definitions of the flow, the residual network and the augmenting path. Also, a program for visualizing the Ford Fulkerson algorithm has been made (in Java) in order students to understand the algorithm easier

Анализа на MBC на најчесто користените антисептици и дезинфициенси во болнички услови и поставување на корелација помеѓу нивната структура и активност

Антисептиците и дезинфициенсите претставуваат биоциди, односно производи што ги уништуваат микроорганизмите или го спречуваат нивниот раст, развој и размножување. Основната разлика помеѓу антисептиците и дезинфициенсите е тоа што антисептиците се применуваат на живо ткиво, односно се користат за постигнување на антисептичен ефект на инфицирана кожа или кога постои опасност од појава на инфекција, а дезинфициенсите се применуваат за отстранување на патогени или непатогени микроорганизми од непосредната животна околина, од разни предмети и прибор кој се користи во дијагностиката и хирургијата. Како такви, антисептиците и дезинфициенсите наоѓаат широка примена во болничките установи. Имено, и антисептиците и дезинфициенсите поседуваат различна структура, па според тоа и различен механизам на дејство. Ова е основна причина поради која има разлика во ефикасноста помеѓу различни типови на антисептици и различни типови на дезинфициенси. За да се избере најсоодветниот антисептик, односно најсоодветниот дезинфициенс, неопходно е да се воспостави корелација помеѓу нивната структурата и дејството. Ова од една страна повлекува зголемување на ефективноста од нивната употреба, а од друга страна ќе предизвика намалување на трошоците за набавка на антисептици и дезинфициенси во болничките установи, така што набавката се ограничува само на оние антисептици и дезинфициенси кои со сигурност би покажале биоциден ефект спрема соодветниот микроорганиза

Structure and physicochemical properties of antiseptics and disinfectants in relation to their activity

Antiseptics and disinfectants represent a large group of compounds that have different effects depending on the used concentration. They are substances that remove bacteria from the skin or materials and are part of the practices for infection control in hospitals. The action of antiseptics and disinfectants is due to mutual reaction with the cell surface of the microorganisms, followed by their penetration into the cells and the influence on a certain target area. Intrahospital (inpatient, nosocomial) infections are localized or generalized infections caused by microorganisms acquired during hospitalization. Intrahospital infections also include recurrent infections acquired during other hospitalizations and other manifest infections in patients that move from one hospital to another. In fact, these infections can result from inappropriate use of antiseptics and disinfectants.The purpose of this study is to establish a correlation between the mechanism of action of antiseptics and disinfectants and their chemical structure. This correlation may be the basis for creating an approach that will be used as prevention from the occurrence of intrahospital or nosocomial infections. The establishment of such an approach is crucial because it is necessary to know which antiseptic or disinfectant has the greatest activity against the microoriganism which is the cause of the intrahospital (nosocomial) infection

Visualization of Ford-Fulkerson algorithm

This paper examines the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for finding the maximum flow in the flow network. For this purpose, we first give the basic definitions of the flow, the residual network and the augmenting path. Also, a program for visualizing the Ford Fulkerson algorithm has been made (in Java) in order for students to understand the algorithm more easily