Leveraging the Windows Amcache.hve File in Forensic Investigations

The Amcache.hve is a registry hive file that is created by Microsoft® Windows® to store the information related to execution of programs. This paper highlights the evidential potential of Amcache.hve file and its application in the area of user activity analysis. The study uncovers numerous artifacts retained in Amcache.hve file when a user performs certain actions such as running host-based applications, installation of new applications, or running portable applications from external devices. The results of experiments demonstrate that Amcache.hve file stores intriguing artifacts related to applications such as timestamps of creation and last modification of any application; name, description, publisher name and version of applications; execution file path, SHA-1 hash of executable files etc. These artifacts are found to persist even after the applications have been deleted from the system. Further experiments were conducted to evaluate forensic usefulness of the information stored in Amcache.hve and it was found that Amcache.hve information is propitious to trace the deleted applications, malware programs and applications run from external devices. Finally, comparison of information in Amcache.hve file with information in other similar sources (IconCache.db, SRUDB.dat and Prefetch files) is shown, in order to provide more useful information to forensic investigators

Does decentralization work? Forest conservation in the Himalayas

This paper studies the effect of decentralization of management and control on forest conservation in the central Himalayas. The density of forest cover (measured with satellite images and field surveys) in forests managed by village councils is compared with that in state-managed forests and in unmanaged village commons. Geographic proximity and historical and ecological information are used to identify the effects of the three types of management regimes. Village council management does no worse, and possibly better, at conservation than state management and costs an order of magnitude less per unit area. Relative to unmanaged commons, village council management raises crown cover in broadleaved forests (the type of forest that may provide the most benefits to villagers under the rules) but not in pine forests.

University and College Profiles available on Indian Research Information Network System (IRINS): A Comparative Study

Indian Research Information Network System (IRINS) is a research information management system that provides details of publications and citations by researchers in academic and research institutes in India. It is an undisputed fact that the productivity of researchers is not uniform within and beyond institutions. A quantitative study was formulated to compare the productivity of researchers within and between categories of central university, state university, deemed university, private university, and college. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) and coefficient of range (C.R.) was measured to know about dispersions among data of publications, patents, Scopus citations, and Crossref citations. It was found that central universities and state universities have a higher number of publications and citations whereas colleges have less number of the same. Private universities have less number of publications, however better than colleges in case of citations. Deemed universities have the highest dispersion within the group. It is suggested to increase subscriptions of quality resources in the colleges and private universities and upgrade library services to enhance the quality and quantity of publications by researchers there

Expressed Emotion and Social Support in Rehospitalized Psychiatric Patients

Background: The phenomenon of hospital readmission of the psychiatric patient has been a matter of concern ever since the concepts of deinstitutionalization and community care of these patients have been emphasized. There are pieces of evidence from the literature that the readmission rate has been increasing substantially. The role of psychiatric hospitals has shifted dramatically. Inpatient programs are now focused on acute stabilization, leaving most treatment to community­ based providers. Aim: Aim of the study is to assess the psychosocial aspects of re-hospitalization of psychiatric patients namely Bipolar Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia and difference between both the groups. Methods: On the basis of purposive sampling 100 re-hospitalized (50 Bipolar Affective Disorder and 50 Schizophrenia) patients were taken from inpatient IMH, Rohtak. The socio-demographic data sheet was filled-up for assessment of socio-cultural aspects, social support questionnaire was administered for the assessment of the level of social support and attitude questionnaire was applied on the caregivers for assessment of the level expressed emotion.  Results: Most of the re-hospitalized Schizophrenia patients face a high level of expressed emotion and poor social support in comparison to Bipolar Affective Disorder patients. Conclusion: The findings of the study illustrate that high expressed emotion and poor social support are associated with rehospitalization. Keywords: Expressed emotion, social support, rehospitalizatio

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF USING DENVER DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENING TEST II FOR DETECTING CEREBRAL PALSY EARLY IN YOUNG CHILDREN AND NEONATES AT PATNA MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, PATNA, BIHAR.

Objectives This study aimed to assess and identify developmental delays in infants using the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST-II), examining potential contributing factors and offering recommendations for effective interventions. Methods The study employed a prospective cross-sectional design, enrolling 111 infants aged 0 months to 2 years attending a tertiary care center for 2 years. Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST-II) was administered, and infants were followed up for three consecutive months to assess developmental milestones and potential contributing factors. Results In the study encompassing 111 infants, 6.4% demonstrated delayed development, 7.8% exhibited doubtful delays, and 85.8% were considered normal. Notably, 25% of cases with developmental concerns had a history of preterm birth, 35% were of low birth weight, and 30% were delivered via cesarean section. Furthermore, 100% detection rates for delayed development were observed in infants aged 13-24 months. Conclusion The current study underscores a notable prevalence of developmental delays among infants, emphasizing the critical importance of early detection and intervention. The multifactorial nature of contributing elements, including preterm birth and low birth weight, highlights the complexity of developmental challenges. The study's findings contribute valuable insights into developmental patterns, supporting the need for broader research and targeted interventions. Recommendation The study recommends further research with larger and more diverse samples to enhance generalizability. Additionally, exploring the effectiveness of tailored interventions for developmental delays is crucial for optimizing infant development

CHEWING GUM: CONFECTIONARY TO A POPULAR TRANSBUCCAL DOSAGE FORM

Chewing gum is a highly convenient and controlled release transbuccal drug delivery system taken without water. It is gaining popularity as a selfadministrable carrier for the medication used for motion sickness, smoke cessation, hypertension, xerostomia, dental caries, pain, as nutritive and energy supplements. Functional chewing gum favors both local and systemic effects intended to be chewed about half an hour. It has emerged out with a fast onset of action either by direct absorption or swallowed with saliva into gastrointestinal tract.It has better bioavailability that lowers the doses and reduces the gastric side-effects. Gums adhere with ease and compliance of administration to children and dysphagia patients. Chewing gums are formulated using a water-insoluble gum base with water-soluble excipients with the active ingredient in the case of medicated gums. European Pharmacopeia standards used for release studies, there are no other particular official standards. It has attracted the researchers as successful potential drug delivery system in coming future. The present article reviews it as novel drug delivery system including its merits and limitations, material and methods of formulation and evaluation