An artificial intelligence pipeline for critical equipment thermal conditioning system design

Efficient electric machinery often needs to be accurately thermally conditioned. Heat sinks and heatingsurfaces frequently used to allow for precise temperature control of the critical equipment. To tackle thethermal challenges in the art, different design methodologies, such as the parametric or the topology op-timization are introduced. Compared to parametric optimization, topology optimization allows for moretailored cooling solutions on elaborate geometries related to propulsion. Being based on gradient descentalgorithm from the machine learning toolbox, topology optimization may suffer from local minima. Inthis report, the setup is designed to alleviate the risk for local minima and instead aim for a more globaloptimization. Accordingly, an artificial intelligence pipeline is scripted to run several gradient-descentbased topology optimization assessments under a genetic algorithm optimization loop. The resultinggeometry is shown to substantially improve the cooling ability in the given packaging volume in a lightduty battery electric vehicle with quantified reduction in CO2 emissions

Sustainable Design and LCA of non-RE PMSynRM with Bioplastic Rotor Shroud

The electric vehicle components should be audited from manufacturing to disposal to be aligned with the United Nations sustainable development goals. The electrical machines without rare-earth (RE) magnets will assure a much lower environmental impact. Non-RE designs will also reduce the cost and weight of the motor with a penalty on the performance. One of the most prominent non-RE magnet motor designs is the Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM), where the rotor anisotropy is assured via flux barriers in the rotor quadrature direction. Held in place via iron bridges (aka. ribs), flux barriers will, in turn, impact the rotor saliency. As a remedy, the paper will report on a novel ribless rotor design accommodating bioplastic for the rotor structure design. The bioplastic rotor ribless machine will be compared to various state-of-The-Art electrical machine concept designs on their merit on sustainability, performance, structural integrity, and the active parts packaging volume. The electrical machine designs are also presented with ferrite magnets to enhance the specific torque. Finally, rib less ferrite assisted SynRM rotor will be further optimized in material choice to arrive at a design solution with minimized environmental impact. As a guideline, the total CO2 impact of this paper is also quantified in a separate section

HPV: Carcinogenic implications and preventive measures

International audienceHuman oncogenic papillomaviruses (HPV) have an increasingly prominent role in the genesis of many cancers. The oncogenic mechanisms associated with HPV are now better known and make it possible to explain the etiopathogenesis of the association. HPV status is now sought for certain cancers and conditions both prognosis and management of patients. Preventive antiviral vaccination has become a real public health issue and aims to effectively reduce the prevalence of cervical, anal and oropharynx cancer, HPV-associated. However, vaccination against HPV still lags behind. The purpose of this review is to redefine the involvement of HPV in several cancers as well as current therapeutic challenges of HPV-related cancers, notably in term of prevention

Radiotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: Current situation and upcoming strategies

International audienceTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and HER2-negative) is viewed as an aggressive subgroup of breast cancer. Treating patients with TNBC remains clinically challenging. It's now well established than radiation therapy is able to improve locoregional control in breast cancer patients both after breast conserving surgery or mastectomy, with positive impact in high-risk patients for long-term survival. Biologic characterization of breast tumor different subtypes, in particular the heterogeneous subtype of TNBC could permit to adapt the treatment plan. In the present review, summarizing the molecular types, we describe clinical features and postoperative radiotherapy current situation for TNBC, and we provide new strategies and directions through an adapted radiation therapy

Exploring the role of self-motives in postgraduate trainees' feedback-seeking behavior in the clinical workplace : a multicenter study of workplace-based assessments from the United Kingdom

To explore trainees' feedback-seeking behavior in the postgraduate surgical workplace using a self-motives framework. Self-motives include self-assessment "to obtain accurate information about the self," self-improvement "to improve ones' traits, abilities and skills," self-enhancement "to enhance the favorability of self views," and self-verification "to maintain consistency between ones' central self-view and new self-relevant information." This project constituted a further framework analysis of previously obtained qualitative focus group data that originally explored trainees' perceptions and use of workplace-based assessment (WBA). Data were collected from multiple centers in the United Kingdom from 2012-2013. Content was analyzed to identify references in the data that reflected the above self-motives and in relation to contextual themes identified from within the data. Trainees' motivations for seeking feedback broadly fit within a self-motives framework. Trainees' feedback-seeking using WBA related to self-enhancement and self-verification, whereas outside WBA trainees reported self-improvement and self-assessment motives. Where trainees perceived WBA represented an opportunity to learn, they described a self-improvement motive toward seeking feedback, whereas when WBA represented an assessment of learning, trainees described tensions between self-enhancement and self-improvement motives. Surgical trainees' motivations for seeking feedback can be explained using a conceptual self-motives framework. Trainees need to be motivated to seek accurate informational feedback so they can improve their performance within the clinical workplace. To achieve this trainees need training; current assessment systems must change to allow trainees to seek such feedback without fear and concern about this information being used as an assessment of learning

Genomic alterations and radioresistance in breast cancer: an analysis of the ProfiLER protocol.

International audienceBackground: Breast cancer (BC) patients with comparable prognostic features have heterogeneous outcomes, party related to a possible radiotherapy resistance leading to local-regional recurrences (LRR). The objective of the present study was to identify predictive molecular biomarkers of LRR of BC.Patients and Methods: Genetic profile of 146 BC patients’ tumours included in the ProfiLER clinical trial (NC01774409) between 2013 and 2016 were analysed using Next-Generation-Sequencing and Comparative-Genomic-Hybridization tests. Patients and tumour characteristics were retrospectively collected and analyzed for association with genomic rearrangements (mutations, amplification, deletions). Only gene alterations observed in > 3% of the tumours were selected.Results: 193 genomic rearrangements were identified, and 16 were observed in > 3% of tumours. One was statistically correlated to the risk of local relapse. A median loco-regional progression free survival (LRPFS) of 23·6 years was reported for PIK3CA mutation carriers (n = 31, 21·2%) versus 9·9 years for PIK3CA wild-type patients (HR 0·27, CI95% (0·12-0·65), p=0·002 in univariate analysis). PIK3CA mutation was identified as an independent protective factor on LRR using multivariate analysis (HR 0·29, CI95% (0·09-0·99), p=0·047). All other mutations, amplifications or deletions were not found associated with LRPFS.Conclusion: PIK3CA mutation was associated with a lower risk of local relapse in this population of BCs. This is consistent with recent studies suggesting PIK3CA to be part of biological pathways impacting the radio-sensitivity