CO2 as moderator for biomass gasification

Biomass can be converted into gaseous fuel by high-temperature reactions with a gasifying agent. The gasifying agent consists, in most cases, of oxygen and of a moderator, which is usually water vapour. Here we show that waste CO2 can be used instead of, or together with, water vapour to moderate the process of biomass gasification in a catalytic fluidized bed of dolomitic limestone. Such use of CO2 increased substantially the carbon and energy conversion efficiency and decreased the amount of tars in the produced gas

ETNOZOOLOGI UNTUK RITUAL ADAT MASYARAKAT DAYAK KANAYATN DIDESA SAHAM KECAMATAN SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK

Customs in general are a person’s behavior in deeds, words and associations. Customs in cultural ceremonies are a tangible form of gratitude, rice yields, marriage, peace and other traditional ceremonial activities that exist in life. The traditional agricultural ceremony (Adat Bahuma) carried out by Dayak Kanayatn Community in Saham Village is a process of initial farming activities to rice harvesting activities. Ka ‘Awa Ka’Idup traditional ceremony is a custom to regulate the process of human life order (Talino). The customary ceremonies of Dayak Kanayatn community always use animals. The purpose of this study was to record the species of animals that are used in traditional ceremonies and the types of traditional ceremonies performed by Kanayatn Dayak community in Saham, SengahTemila District, Landak Regency. Data collection was carried out by survey methods and respondents' interviews. The selection of respondents was carried out using the snowball sampling method, namely by determining key respondents and then determining other respondents based on information from previous respondents. During the implementation of this research, there were 20 respondents consisting of 14 men and 6 women. The results of this study indicate that the use of animals for customary rituals by Kanayatn Dayak community in Saham village, Sengah Temila District, Landak Regency consists of 2 species of animals, namely chickens and pigs. There are two types of rituals, namely rituals for agriculture and rituals for regulating life.Keywords: Dayak Kanayant, Etnozoology, Cultural CeremonyAbstrakAdat secara umum adalah tingkah laku seseorang dalam perbuatan, perkataan dan pergaulan. Adat dalam upacara adat merupakan wujud nyata syukur, hasil padi, perkawinan, perdamaian dan kegiatan upacara adat lainnya yang ada dalam kehidupan. Upacara adat pertanian (Adat Bahuma) yang dilakukan oleh Masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn di Desa Saham merupakan proses dari kegiatan awal bertani hingga kegiatan memanen padi. Upacara adat Ka 'Awa Ka' Idup merupakan adat untuk mengatur proses tata kehidupan manusia (Talino). Upacara adat masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn selalu menggunakan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendata jenis-jenis hewan yang digunakan dalam upacara adat dan jenis-jenis upacara adat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn di Saham Kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan wawancara responden. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode snowball sampling yaitu dengan menentukan responden kunci kemudian menentukan responden lain berdasarkan informasi dari responden sebelumnya. Selama pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdapat 20 responden yang terdiri atas 14 laki-laki dan 6 perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan hewan untuk ritual adat oleh masyarakat Dayak Kanayatn di desa Saham, Kecamatan Sengah Temila, Kabupaten Landak terdiri atas 2 jenis hewan yaitu ayam dan babi. Ada dua jenis ritual, yaitu ritual untuk pertanian dan ritual untuk mengatur kehidupan.Kata Kunci: Dayak Kanayatn, Etnozoologi, Ritual Adat

The Hydrogendifluoride Anion in an Asymmetric Crystalline Environment: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Trithioureatellurium(II) Di(Hydrogendifluoride)

The crystal structure of Te[CS(NH2l2h(FHF)2, I , was determined at 133K using single crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. A total of 6042 independent reflections were observed for the monoclinic crystals (space group P21/c, No. 14, a = 0.5846(3), b = 2.046(1), c = 1.1433(7) nm, (J = 94.69(5) 0 , Ve= 1.363(1) nm3, (Z = 4), in the range 4.0° s 219 s 70.0° of which 5243 had F0 2 > 3a (F0 2). The trithiourea- tellurium (II) molecules crystallize as dimeric distorted square planar cations [Te(tu)3]24+ (tu = thiourea) located about an inversion center. The cations are linked by N-H ... F hydrogen bonds. The environment about the two independent (FHFt anions is decidedly asymmetric and therefore the hydrogen atoms are not centered between the fluorine atoms

Unsur Intrinsik dalam Legenda Ulai Bujang Karem Sastra Lisan Dayak Ketungau Sesaek Kabupaten Sekadau

This research aim to analyzing theme, mandate, plot, character, and background in the legend Ulai Bujang Karem Oral Literature Dayak Ketungau Sesaek Sekadau, and describing implementation plan this study into learning Indonesian in the schools. The method used in this study is descriptive method. Based on the analysis of data can be concluded that the legend Ulai Bujang Karem there are theme, mandate, plot, character, and background. This result is expected being Indonesian study materials in the school especially to teach students to analyzing intrinsic element in a story. The learning is guided by the lesson plan that is suitable with the condition and situation with the school learning environment. Keywors: intrinsic element, legend, oral literatur

Transient catalytic activity of calcined dolomitic limestone in a fluidized bed during gasification of woody biomass

Calcined dolomitic limestone mixed with silica sand in a fluidized bed can catalytically enhance the gasification of woody biomass. The lime is prone to attrition and carry over from the reactor and to deactivation caused by pore sintering; therefore, it has to be replenished continuously or periodically to maintain catalytic activity of the fluidized bed. The main aim of this paper was to explore the level of the decrease of the catalytic activity of the fluidized bed if the limestone is not replenished and to estimate a critical period for its top-up. Wood chips were gasified first in a silica sand fluidized bed (1080 g), to obtain background data without the catalytic effect of limestone. After 5 h of operation, dolomitic limestone (1050 g) was added to the fluidized bed and left to calcine. Its catalytic activity was monitored during the following 6 h. During the second part of the experiment, the yield of the main gases (H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and H2O) remained almost unchanged. The yield of minor organic gases and tars rose slightly but still remained far below the value attained with only silica sand. The heavy polyaromatic tar compounds were effectively decomposed during the first 3 h after the addition of dolomitic limestone. It was concluded that the catalytic activity of dolomitic lime remains in an acceptable level during the first 3 h after its addition into the fluidized bed, suggesting that periodic rather than continuous replenishment of limestone should be sufficient

Comparison of Parameter Estimation Methods to Determine the Frequency Data Magnitude of Aftershock in Nabire, Papua

Many researchers use Weibull distribution to analyze wind speed data parameters and so forth, but in this research Weibull distribution is used to analyze the frequency data magnitude of aftershock. We use different methods for estimating Weibull distribution parameters. Some methods are compared according to the mean square error (MSE) criteria to select the best method. The parameter estimation results from the data are then used to determine the mean and magnitude of the earthquake. Further data is depicted in a curve for analysis. The case study in this study uses an aftershock frequency data in Nabire district, Papua. After the test of conformity with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it is obtained that the data follows the Weibull distribution pattern. Further research results show that the best method among the three methods is the maximum likelihood method (MLE).   Keywords: Weibull, Maximum Likelihood Method (MLE), Least Squares Method (LSM), Graphical Method, Kolmogorov Smirnov, Magnitud

High heat load crystal cooling strategies for an APS wiggler beamline

High energy wigglers produce extremely high total powers. For example, the insertion device for one beamline of the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Research Center (BESSRC) is an elliptical multipole wiggler (EMPW) which can generate circularly polarized X-rays on axis and produces a total power of {approximately}8 kW. This insertion device will be used to simultaneously provide x-rays to three branch lines, a branch equipped with a normal double crystal monochromator feeding a scattering and spectroscopy station, and two branches with single-bounce horizontally deflecting monochromators for Compton scattering and High Energy Diffraction. The crystal optics for this type of device require substantially different heat load solutions than those used for undulator beamlines. We will discuss how the beam is split and shared among the beamline branch lines and present the crystal cooling strategies employed for both the double-crystal monochromator and horizontally deflecting single-bounce monochromators

Why cryogenically cooled, thin crystals handle extremely high power densities

Recently, a new type of cryogenically cooled high heat load monochromator was proposed and, developed at Argonne National Laboratory and tested at European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF.) These tests showed that powers of 153 W and power densities of 450 W/mm{sup 2} cause only negligible strain. These powers and power densities are larger than will be absorbed by the first crystal on an undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In our earlier work we suggested that the crystal might show strain at much lower values of the powers and power densities. We now can explain the ESRF results in terms of the unique role the negative thermal expansion coefficient of Si plays in minimizing strain

Investigation of A1g phonons in YBa2Cu3O7 by means of LAPW atomic-force calculations

We report first-principles frozen-phonon calculations for the determination of the force-free geometry and the dynamical matrix of the five Raman-active A1g modes in YBa2Cu3O7. To establish the shape of the phonon potentials atomic forces are calculated within the LAPW method. Two different schemes - the local density approximation (LDA) and a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) - are employed for the treatment of electronic exchange and correlation effects. We find that in the case of LDA the resulting phonon frequencies show a deviation from experimental values of approximately -10%. Invoking GGA the frequency values are significantly improved and also the eigenvectors are in very good agreement with experimental findings.Comment: 15 page

Factorial Economic Planning Applied to Agricultural Experimentation

Innovation may be limited by the scarceness of resources, such as financial, homogeneous area, skilled labor or other research needs, for example the difficulty in experimental control of large areas in the field. In research areas such as chemistry and physics, designs are used in such a way that when compared to the agronomic designs, they result in a reduced number of experimental units, which in this work are called economic designs. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify significant factors and effects (p-valu