7 research outputs found
Charge accumulation on a Luttinger liquid
The average charge Q on a quantum wire, modeled as a single-channel Luttinger
liquid, connected to metallic leads and coupled to a gate is studied
theoretically. We find that the behavior of the charge as the gate voltage V_G
varies depends strongly on experimentally adjustable parameters (length,
contact transmission, temperature,...). When the intrinsic backscattering at
the contacts is weak (i.e. the conductance is close to 2e^2/h at high
temperature), we predict that this behavior should be described by a universal
function. For short such wires, the charge increases roughly linearly with V_G,
with small oscillations due to quantum interference between electrons scattered
at the contacts. For longer wires at low temperature, Coulomb blockade behavior
sets in, and the charge increases in steps. In both limits , which should characterize the linear response conductance, exhibits
periodic peaks in V_G. We show that due to Coulomb interactions the period in
the former limit is twice that of the latter, and describe the evolution of the
peaks through this crossover. The study can be generalized to multi-channel
Luttinger liquids, and may explain qualitatively the recent observation by
Liang et al (Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 126801) of a four-electron periodicity for
electron addition in single-walled carbon nanotubes.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Supergravity Solutions for branes
We find a large class of supersymmetric solutions in the
background with NS fluxes. This two-parameter family of solutions preserves 8
of the 16 supersymmetries of the background.Comment: References added. 13 pages, late
Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are an emergent class of metamaterials comprised of vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) building blocks, which provide us with a vast tool set to engineer their properties on top of the already rich tunability of 2D materials. 1 One of the knobs, the twist angle between different layers, plays a crucial role in the ultimate electronic properties of a vdW heterostructure and does not have a direct analog in other systems such as MBE-grown semiconductor heterostructures. For small twist angles, the moiré pattern produced by the lattice misorientation creates a long-range modulation. So far, the study of the effect of twist angles in vdW heterostructures has been mostly concentrated in graphene/hex a gonal boron nitride (h-BN) twisted structures, which exhibit relatively weak interlayer interaction due to the presence of a large bandgap in h-BN. 2-5 Here we show that when two graphene sheets are twisted by an angle close to the theoretically predicted ‘magic angle’, the resulting flat band structure near charge neutrality gives rise to a strongly-correlated electronic system . 6 These flat bands exhibit half-filling insulating phases at zero magnetic field, which we show to be a Mott-like insulator arising from electrons localized in the moiré superlattice. These unique properties of magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TwBLG) open up a new playground for exotic many-body quantum phases in a 2D platform made of pure carbon and without mag netic field. The easy accessibility of the flat bands, the electrical tunability, and the bandwidth tunability though twist angle may pave the way towards more exotic correlated systems, such as unconventional superconductors or quantum spin liquids
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Use of targeted therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma in the Veterans Health Administration
BackgroundThe objective of this study is to describe the use of targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and overall survival (OS) among patients in clinical practice in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).MethodsA retrospective cohort of 286 patients from 24 VHA Medical Centers diagnosed with advanced clear cell RCC between Fiscal Year (FY) 2010 and FY2014 was followed through September 30, 2016. Among patients who received targeted therapy, we described the medications taken, duration of therapy, and overall survival. We also assessed the effect of the first therapy received on overall survival using Cox Proportional Hazards models.ResultsThere were 66 patients who did not receive therapy for their advanced RCC. Of the 220 treated patients, the mean (sd) number of medications received was 1.9 (1.1). The medications most commonly used first were sunitinib (61.8%), pazopanib (17.3%), and temsirolimus (10.9%). The median duration of first-line therapy was 86 days (interquartile range [IQR] 42, 210). Median total duration of therapy was 159 days (IQR 58, 397). 62.3% of patients had ≥ 1 dose of therapy held or reduced, mainly due to an adverse drug event (ADE). Median survival from the start of treatment to death was 1.08 years (IQR 0.80, 1.31). Finally, receipt of temsirolimus vs sunitinib (HR 1.95 [95%CI 1.09,3.47]) as the first targeted therapy was independently associated with an increased hazard of death.ConclusionOur analysis of targeted therapies for advanced RCC in VHA suggests duration of treatment is shorter in a real-world setting than in clinical trials, and dose reductions and ADEs are more common