Mathematical Modeling Describing the Effect of Fishing and Dispersion on Hermaphrodite Population Dynamics

International audienceIn order to study the impact of fishing on a grouper population, we propose in this paper to model the dynamics of a grouper population in a fishing territory by using structured models. For that purpose, we have integrated the natural population growth, the fishing, the competition for shelter and the dispersion. The dispersion was considered as a consequence of the competition. First we prove, that the grouper stocks may be less sensitive to the removal of large male individuals if female population are totally protected. Second, we show that fishing does not disturb the demographic structure of the population. Finally, we prove that female selective fisheries have the potential of drastically reduce reproductive rates. We also prove that male fishing decreases competition and then increases the total population number

Le Traitement Chirurgical Des Poches De Rétraction Tympaniques

Les poches de rétractions représentent un aspect particulier de l\'otite moyenne chronique affectant la morphologie tympanique et pouvant avoir des répercussions fonctionnelles auditives. L\'évolution naturelle de l\'otite atelectasique vers la maladie cholestéatomateuse complique d\'avantage la prise en charge des poches de rétraction. Les auteurs rapportent une étude rétrospective à propos de 137 cas de poches de rétraction colligées sur une période de 10 ans de 1992 à 2001. Le traitement chirurgical des poches de rétraction pose la problématique du bon choix de la technique opératoire et de l\'indication de la chirurgie de renforcement.Retraction pockets represent a particular aspect of chronic otitis whish affect tympanic membran morphology and can influence hearing potentialities. The evolution course of atelectasic disease leeding to localized retraction may be the principal cause for cholesteatoma witch complicates the management of the retraction pockets. The authors report a retrospective study about 137cases of retraction pockets collaged from 1992 to 2001. The problems of the surgical treatement of the retraction pockets include the best choice of the operative technique for reconstructive tynpanoplastie. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 16 2006: pp. 18-2

Hurler disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type IH): clinical features and consanguinity in Tunisian population

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) was a group of rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha -L -iduronidase, and the resulting accumulation of undergraded dematan sulfate and heparan sulfate. MPS I patients have a wide range of clinical presentations, that makes it difficult to predict patient phenotype which is needed for genetic counseling and also impedes the selection and evaluation of patients undergoing therapy bone marrow transplantation

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I: molecular characteristics of two novel alpha-L-iduronidase mutations in Tunisian patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal storage disease resulting from defective activity of the enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). This glycosidase is involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. MPS I has severe and milder phenotypic subtypes.</p> <p>Aim of study: This study was carried out on six newly collected MPS I patients recruited from many regions of Tunisia.</p> <p>Patients and methods: Mutational analysis of the IDUA gene in unrelated MPS I families was performed by sequencing the exons and intron-exon junctions of IDUA gene.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two novel IDUA mutations, p.L530fs (1587_1588 insGC) in exon 11 and p.F177S in exon 5 and two previously reported mutations p.P533R and p.Y581X were detected. The patient in family 1 who has the Hurler phenotype was homozygous for the previously described nonsense mutation p.Y581X.</p> <p>The patient in family 2 who also has the Hurler phenotype was homozygous for the novel missense mutation p.F177S. The three patients in families 3, 5 and 6 were homozygous for the p.P533R mutation. The patient in family 4 was homozygous for the novel small insertion 1587_1588 insGC. In addition, eighteen known and one unknown IDUA polymorphisms were identified.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identification of these mutations should facilitate prenatal diagnosis and counseling for MPS I in Tunisia.</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA, EC 3.2.1.76). This glycosidase is involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. The clinical phenotype of MPS I ranges from the very severe in Hurler syndrome (MPS IH) to the relatively benign in Scheie syndrome (MPS IS), with an intermediate phenotype designated Hurler/Scheie (MPS IH/S) <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B1">1</abbr></abbrgrp>. Isolation of complementary and genomic DNAs encoding human α -L- iduronidase <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B2">2</abbr><abbr bid="B3">3</abbr></abbrgrp> have enable the identification of mutations underlying the enzyme defect and resulting in MPS I clinical phenotype. More than 100 mutations have been reported in patients with the MPS I subtypes (Human Gene Mutation Database; <url>http://www.hgmd.org</url>). High prevalence of the common mutations p.W402X and p.Q70X has been described; both of them in the severe clinical forms <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B4">4</abbr><abbr bid="B5">5</abbr></abbrgrp>. A high prevalence of common mutation p.P533R has also been described in MPS I patients with various phenotypes <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B5">5</abbr><abbr bid="B6">6</abbr></abbrgrp>. In addition, rare mutations including single base substitution, deletion, insertion and splicing site mutation have been identified <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B7">7</abbr></abbrgrp>, indicating a high degree of allelic heterogeneity in IDUA gene.</p> <p>Here, we described two novel IDUA mutations in MPS I Tunisian patients. These lesions were homoallelic in all the patients of the six families investigated as consanguineous marriages are still frequent in Tunisia <abbrgrp><abbr bid="B8">8</abbr></abbrgrp>.</p

Viability Analysis of Fisheries Management on Hermaphrodite Population

International audienceWe study the viability domains of bio-economic constraints for fishing model of hermaphrodite population, displaying three stages, juvenile, female and male. The dynamic of this model is subject to two constraints: an ecological constraint ensuring the stock perennity, and an economic constraint ensuring a minimum revenue for fishermen. Using viability kernel, we find out a viability domain which simultaneously guarantees a minimum stock level and a minimum income for fleets

The Design of a Hierarchical Processors-and-Memory Architecture for High Performance Computing

Introduction Applications are an important driving force behind the emergence of new machine architectures and organizations. In response to the needs of large, computeintensive applications, heterogeneous architectures are one viable alternative. Several heterogeneous systems [AnPo 91], [BaWh 89], [Be et al. 96], [BeFo 96], [MeAl 90], and [Mo et al. 96] were shown to be able to achieve better performance than homogeneous systems and to offer a more cost-efficient computing environment. Given that future applications are expected to require in excess of 100 Teraops computing speed [St et. al 95], economical and financial considerations become crucial issues in the design of new systems that can achieve these speeds. In order to satisfy the computational demands of current and future applications, a heterogeneous system organized as a hierarchy of processors-andmemory subsystems (HPAM) is proposed. HPAM was previously introduced in [Be et al. 96] and [BeFo 96]. This extended a

The Design of a Hierarchical Processors-and-Memory Architecture for High Performance Computing

Introduction Applications are an important driving force behind the emergence of new machine architectures and organizations. In response to the needs of large, computeintensive applications, heterogeneous architectures are one viable alternative. Several heterogeneous systems [AnPo 91], [BaWh 89], [Be et al. 96], [BeFo 96], [MeAl 90], and [Mo et al. 96] were shown to be able to achieve better performance than homogeneous systems and to offer a more cost-efficient computing environment. Given that future applications are expected to require in excess of 100 Teraops computing speed [St et. al 95], economical and financial considerations become crucial issues in the design of new systems that can achieve these speeds. In order to satisfy the computational demands of current and future applications, a heterogeneous system organized as a hierarchy of processors-andmemory subsystems (HPAM) is proposed. HPAM was previously introduced in [Be et al. 96] and [BeFo 96]. This extended a

Spatio-Temporal Evolution of the COVID-19 across African Countries

The aim of this study is to make a comparative study on the reproduction number R0 computed at the beginning of each wave for African countries and to understand the reasons for the disparities between them. The study covers the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic and for 30 African countries. It links pandemic variables, reproduction number R0, demographic variable, median age of the population, economic variables, GDP and CHE per capita, and climatic variables, mean temperature at the beginning of each waves. The results show that the diffusion of COVID-19 in Africa was heterogeneous even between geographical proximal countries. The difference of the basic reproduction number R0 values is very large between countries and is significantly correlated with economic and climatic variables GDP and temperature and to a less extent with the mean age of the population. Copyright © 2022 Naffeti, Bourdin, Ben Aribi, Kebir and Ben Miled

Selection for Antigenic Diversity of Tams1, the Major Merozoite Antigen of Theileria annulata

International audienceTams1, the major merozoite/piroplasm surface antigen of Theileria annulata has the potential to be a component of a diagnostic ELISA test and be included in a recombinant subunit vaccine. However, the observation that this antigen displays diversity could constrain these applications. In this paper we have extensively characterized Tams1 diversity at the DNA level, using a PCR/sequencing strategy. Up to 44 alleles have been cloned and sequenced. The comparison of these alleles has identified regions of sequence conservation, variability and hyper-variability. Computer analysis of these alleles has indicated that positive selection may operate on certain regions of Tams1. Expression and Western blot analysis of selected alleles has indicated that sequence diversity is reflected in altered antigenicity and a continuum of relatedness and antibody cross recognition may exist. The possible function of the sequence conservation and polymorphism within Tams1 is discussed in relation to protein structure, host cell invasion and immune evasion