17 research outputs found

    Temporal dynamics of the brain response to painful stimulation.

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    <p>(A) shows time courses and representative brain slices for the somatosensory component in fibromyalgia patients (top) and healthy subjects (bottom) derived from activation temporal analysis. (B) shows the corresponding data for the insular component in patients (top) and healthy subjects (bottom). (C–F) show block-average time courses for the somatosensory component in patients (C) and healthy subjects (D), and the insular component in patients (E) and healthy subjects (F). Yellow bars identify stimulation scans. R indicates right hemisphere.</p

    Correlation map between subjective pain scores and brain activations.

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    <p>(Adjusted for response duration -data-driven analysis- including all individuals). Display threshold, <i>P</i><0.01, 10 voxels. R indicates right hemisphere. The plot illustrates the correlation at peak activation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (<i>r</i> = 0.82, <i>P</i><0.0001 and adjusted <i>r<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.66). A.u., arbitrary units. Red and blue dots correspond to patients and control subjects, respectively. The names of the regions are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005224#pone-0005224-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

    Brain Activations Adjusted for Response Duration (Data-Driven Analysis).

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    <p>Group activations show <i>P</i><0.05 False Discovery Rate (FDR) whole brain corrected. The contrast patients>controls shows <i>P</i><0.05 FDR corrected for the volume of activated regions (pain network). Coordinates (mm) are in the standard Talairach space. SII, second somatosensory cortex, SMA, supplementary motor area.</p

    Comparison of fibromyalgia patients with healthy subjects matched for subjective pain levels.

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    <p>The statistical parametric map (SPM) adjusted for response duration shows the regions where patients receiving 4 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> of pressure showed greater activation than control subjects receiving 6.8 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Display threshold, <i>P</i><0.01, 10 voxels. L indicates left hemisphere. The names of the regions are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005224#pone-0005224-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>.</p

    Brain activation maps.

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    <p>Brain response to 4 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> of pressure applied on the right thumb. Statistical parametric maps (SPM) are shown adjusted for response duration in fibromyalgia patients (A) and healthy subjects (B), and for stimulus duration in patients (C) and healthy subjects (D). Graphs illustrate the reference function models used in the SPM analysis (i. e., the time course from the somatosensory component averaged across groups in both A an B, and conventional canonical hemodynamic response function in C and D). Display threshold, <i>P</i><0.0005, 20 voxels for all the data. R and L indicate right and left hemispheres. The names of the regions are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005224#pone-0005224-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005224#pone-0005224-t002" target="_blank">2</a>.</p

    Comparison analysis matching groups for subjective pain levels.

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    <p>Group activations show <i>P</i><0.05 False Discovery Rate (FDR) whole brain corrected. The contrast patients>controls show <i>P</i><0.05 FDR corrected for the volume of activated regions (pain network). Coordinates (mm) are in the standard Talairach space. SII, second somatosensory cortex, SMA, supplementary motor area. No significant findings were obtained in the contrast controls>patients.</p

    Brain Structural Alterations in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients with Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions

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    <div><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. Although structural brain alterations have been consistently reported in OCD, their interaction with particular clinical subtypes deserves further examination. Among other approaches, a two-group classification in patients with autogenous and reactive obsessions has been proposed. The purpose of the present study was to assess, by means of a voxel-based morphometry analysis, the putative brain structural correlates of this classification scheme in OCD patients. Ninety-five OCD patients and 95 healthy controls were recruited. Patients were divided into autogenous (n = 30) and reactive (n = 65) sub-groups. A structural magnetic resonance image was acquired for each participant and pre-processed with SPM8 software to obtain a volume-modulated gray matter map. Whole-brain and voxel-wise comparisons between the study groups were then performed. In comparison to the autogenous group, reactive patients showed larger gray matter volumes in the right Rolandic operculum. When compared to healthy controls, reactive patients showed larger volumes in the putamen (bilaterally), while autogenous patients showed a smaller left anterior temporal lobe. Also in comparison to healthy controls, the right middle temporal gyrus was smaller in both patient subgroups. Our results suggest that autogenous and reactive obsessions depend on partially dissimilar neural substrates. Our findings provide some neurobiological support for this classification scheme and contribute to unraveling the neurobiological basis of clinical heterogeneity in OCD.</p></div

    Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample.

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    <p>HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; OCD, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; SD, Standard Deviation; y, years; YBOCS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.</p>a<p>Statistic value corresponds to ANOVA’s F or t-student test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables.</p>b<p>Age at onset was defined as the age when symptoms became a significant source of distress and interfered with the patient’s social functioning.</p>c<p>A positive familial history of OCD was considered when a first or a second order relative had been formally diagnosed by a psychiatrist.</p

    Gray matter volume differences between reactive group and healthy controls.

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    <p><b>A. </b>In comparison to healthy subjects, reactive OCD patients showed a larger caudal putamen (bilaterally). Color bar represents t value. L indicates left hemisphere. <b>B.</b> Box-plot depicting adjusted GM volume (in imaging units equivalent to volumetric units) corresponding to peak coordinate in the left caudal putamen (above) and the right caudal putamen (below) in autogenous, reactive and control groups.</p
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