Mucocele geante de l’enfant

Les mucocèles sont des formations pseudo kystiques expansives des sinus de la face. Elles sont souvent diagnostiquées tardivement du fait de l’absence de signes spécifiques. Le bilan radiologique basé sur la TDM et ou l’IRM est essentiel pour confirmer le diagnostic et établir le bilan d’extension. Nous rapportons le cas d’un enfant âgé de 4 ans et 6mois traité d’une mucocèle géante éthmoïdo- maxillaire.Mots clés : mucocèle ; enfant ; TDM ; IRM ; chirurgieMucoceles are pseudo-cystic expansive formations of the sinuses. They are often diagnosed lately because of the lack of specific signs. CT and MRI are essential for the diagnosis and to evaluate the extension.We report a case of child with ethmoide-maxillary mucocèle treated in our department.Key words: mucocele; child; CT; MRI; surger

WR279,396, a Third Generation Aminoglycoside Ointment for the Treatment of Leishmania major Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is due to a small parasite (Leishmania) that creates disfiguring sores, and affects more than one million persons (mainly children) each year. Treating lesions with a cream—instead of with injections as currently done—would greatly improve the well-being of affected patients. No cream formulation that would be efficient and would not create important skin irritation has been identified yet. Here, we tested a new cream formulation (WR279,396) containing paromomycin and gentamicin, two members of a well-known family of antibacterial antibiotics (aminoglycosides). Injectable paromomycin is efficient in other forms of the disease (visceral leishmaniasis). This was a carefully monitored study (phase 2) involving mainly children in Tunisia and France. The cream was applied twice a day for 20 days. The proportion of patients treated with the paromomycin-containing cream (active formulation) that cured (94%) was higher than that observed (71%) in patients treated with a cream that did not contain the active product (placebo formulation). Local irritation affected less than one-third of the patients and was usually mild. This new cream formulation was safe and effective in treating cutaneous leishmaniasis, thereby providing a new, simple, easily applicable, and inexpensive treatment for this neglected disease

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Images of Europe: from Political Geography to Recursive Collective Reconstructions

Thematic Discussion Group_Thematic Area: Social Representations, National and Supranational Identity in the Media, p. 239

Performance of Saxton and Rawls Pedotransfer Functions for Estimating Soil Water Properties in the Cap Bon Region-Northern Tunisia

International audienceAppropriate land use and management requires a good knowledge about the main hydraulic properties of the soil, in particular soil moisture at field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and water holding capacity (HC). In the absence of direct measurements, these characteristics could be estimated from data on texture and organic matter content, using pedotransfer functions (PTFs). In this study, FC, PWP, and HC of predominant soil types in Cap Bon (Vertisols, Cambisols, and Calcisols), are estimated using Saxton and Rawls (Soil Sci Soc Am J 70:1569-1578, 2006) PTFs and complete sets of soil analysis data. Results show that when all soil samples (61) are taken together, obtained estimations were well correlated with measured values for FC (R 2 = 0.72) and PWP (R 2 = 0.72). Similar correlations were observed for Cambisols and Calcisols taken separately (R 2 = 0.65-0.70.); but there was an overestimation of FC and PWP for Vertisols (percentage of clay > 50%). However, relatively weak relationships were observed between estimated and measured values for HC in all cases (R 2 = 0.15). PTFs seem appropriate to be used in combination with remote sensing methods for generation of soil FC and PWP maps needed in irrigation and agriculture efficient management