Examining the structure of mill rolls made of 9X2MΦ and 8X3CΓΦ steels using the ultrasonic method for quality control

The microstructure of specimens of 9X2MΦ and 8X3CΓΦ steels taken from working rolls of a reversing mill was examined. A correlation between characteristics of the crystal structure of the metal and the intensified attenuation of ultrasonic waves was found. Ultrasonic inspection was carried out using an ultrasonic flaw detector (Krautkramer Co.). The microstructure was examined by means of traditional metallographic analysis methods, which were implemented using a scanning electron microscope; X-ray spectral microanalysis and electron backscatter diffraction were used. The morphology and elemental composition of discontinuity flaws were studied; as well, phase maps, crystallite misorientation histograms, and Taylor factor maps were plotted for specimens taken from the defect zone of a 9X2MΦ steel working roll. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Influence of defects on the ductility of liquid 9X2MΦ and 75X3MΦ steel

Viscosimetric data on liquid 9X2MΦ and 75X3MΦ steel taken from working rollers of a reversible rolling mill with different ultrasonic behavior illustrate the influence of defects recorded in ultrasound monitoring on the temperature and time dependence of the liquid steel's kinematic viscosity. A Krautkremer ultrasonic defectoscope is employed in monitoring. The viscosity of the liquid steel is measured by means of damping torsional oscillations of a crucible with melt in heating and subsequent cooling in the range 1500-1580°C. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

Clinical case: glycine encephalopathy

The aim of the study – description of a clinical case of a child diagnosed with glycine encephalopathy.Цель исследования – описать клинический случай ребенка с диагнозом глициновая энцефалопатия

Verification on application program generation and loading for safety systems of nuclear power plants based on the reverse engineering method

The article describes an automated verification method used for application software of control safety systems based on the TPTS-SB equipment. Verification is performed by comparing two mathematical models (oriented graphs): one obtained by processing the original design data, i.e., graphical functional diagrams, and the other formed by reversing the program code loaded from the controller. The vertices in both graphs are functional blocks of mathematical and logical operations; the edges are connections between them. The constructed mathematical models undergo a comparison, covering the vertices and edges of the graphs as well as the memory cells and values of constants. The equivalence of mathematical models proves the correspondence between the program code and the initial set of design functional diagrams. The proposed automated verification method makes it possible to prove that no distortion is introduced into the program during the process of converting graphical functional diagrams into the program code with its subsequent translation and loading into the controller. It is postulated that any distortions will be detected during the verification procedure, which is performed every time after loading the code into the controller. The solution provides an acceptable speed when large volumes of vector graphics stored in a relational database are processed, and makes it possible to visualize the verification results. The proposed method is implemented in the GET-R1 instrumentation tools for TPTS-SB and is used in designing and verifying the application software of the safety systems at the Belarusian NPP

A study of the structure of forged pieces of 75X3MΦ steel using the ultrasonic method for quality control

The microstructures of 75X3MΦ steel specimens that were sampled from forged pieces of support shafts of rolling mills was investigated. A correlation between the presence of a carbide network and increased attenuation of ultrasonic waves was established. Ultrasonic testing was performed using a Krautkremer ultrasonic flaw detector. The microstructure was studied using conventional metallographic-analysis methods. The nanoindentation method was used to measure the Young modulus of the phase components of 75X3MΦ steel specimens, carbides, and the matrix. A comparative evaluation of their acoustic characteristics was performed. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Understanding the structural relationships within the Th(SO4)2‧xH2O system by hydration and dehydration

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