Persistence of Tripartite Nonlocality for Non-inertial Observers

We consider the behaviour of bipartite and tripartite non-locality between fermionic entangled states shared by observers, one of whom uniformly accelerates. We find that while fermionic entanglement persists for arbitrarily large acceleration, the Bell/CHSH inequalities cannot be violated for sufficiently large but finite acceleration. However the Svetlichny inequality, which is a measure of genuine tripartite non-locality, can be violated for any finite value of the acceleration.Comment: 4 pages, pdflatex, 2 figure

The influence of Crop Plants on Those Which Follow V

This is a study of the effect which crop plants have on the growth and yields of those crops which follow. The study began in 1907; this bulletin reports the results from 1930 to 1942. Millet, mangels and rutabagas generally seem to be harmful to crops which follow them. Carrots, mangels and millet were least favorable of all crops to mangels. Potatoes did poorest when following potatoes, rutabagas, or millet. Rutabagas yielded low following rutabagas, mangels and millet. Onions were unfavorably affect by preceding crops of mangels, cabbage, or rutabagas. There is no simple explanation for the effect of crops on those which follow. The relationships are complex and interdependent, and are associated with the physical, chemical and microbial conditions of the soil. Well fertilized crops in moderately to strongly acid soils apparently produce unfavorable conditions for a succeeding crop for one or more of the following reasons: 1. They deplete basic nutrients with a consequent increase in H-ion concentration, accompanied by possibly harmful concentrations of aluminum or other elements. 2. Unless organic matter is provided, an adequate quantity of water stable aggregates is not maintained so that the soil becomes compact and possesses a poor physical condition unsuitable for maximum crop growth. 3. After certain crops, conditions are more favorable for the growth of plant pathogens and the development of seedling root rot. 4. The chemical, physical and biological conditions of the soil are intimately related and interdependent so that an improvement in one may produce some improvement in the other

Reusable tools for smartphone apps : innovative activities in the European geological sector

This report presents the outcomes of a study to explore “Reusable tools for smartphone apps: innovative activities in the European geological sector” launched by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) with the British Geological Survey (BGS, Contract n°389788). The study is part of A Reusable INSPIRE Reference Platform (ARE3NA), Action 1.17 of the European Union’s Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations (ISA) Programme. The general objective of the study was to assist the JRC in explor-ing the developments and behind-the-scene activities that the geology sector in Europe is undertaking in terms of mobile applications (commonly known as ‘apps’) and where geospatial data of relevance to the INSPIRE Directive (2007/2/EC1) was being shared and reused. Mobile apps are increasingly being used across Europe to provide geoscience information and solutions. To understand the extent and approach of these developments, we undertook a survey of the geology sector. The results of this survey were designed to: help national geological organisations and the wider geological community discover more about work being undertaken help organisations not yet active in this area learn and benefit from those that have already taken some first steps, helping to explore the potential reusability of solutions be of benefit to other sectors interested in sharing geospatial data through apps understand whether INSPIRE is contributing to data access via mobile apps In order to accomplish this, we needed to discover which organisations were actively developing apps, what approaches they have taken, what tools they have used and how successful their initiatives have been. We also explore the types of users that are being reached by mobile apps and whether these tools have created new uses for geoscience spatial data, not only the delivery of data to ‘traditional’ organisa-tions involved in data exchange but also where data are being provided in less conventional ways to oth-er/new users, including citizens and those aiming to reuse the data being provided in other apps not only related to geology. Finally, we assessed how other organisations and communities can learn from the software, tools and methodologies that have been developed in the geosciences sector

A Half Century of Crop Rotation

Fifty-three years of crop rotation studies, started in 1894, were concluded in the fall of 1946. These experiments were on Bridgehampton very fine sandy loam soil that was originally acid and produced meager crops. Within a very few years it became evident that the yields of crops could be materially increased by the use of agricultural lime and chemical fertilizers. The records of the last 17 years of the experiments are reported in this bulletin and comparisons are made with results from former years. The 3 rotations described in this bulletin are known as rotations B, E, and F. B was a 6-year sequence: 1 year of potatoes followed by a year of ensilage corn and 4 years of alfalfa-timothy hay. Rotations E and F were 5-year sequences in which potatoes were followed by Rhode Island White Flint corn and 3 years of hay. Rotation E contained alfalfa, red clover and alsike clover as well as timothy and redtop in the grass seed mixture. The meadow seeding for rotation F consisted of timothy and redtop grasses. The average yields of Irish Cobbler potatoes were: 222 bushels per acre on the clover rotation, 246 bushels per acre on the alfalfa rotation and 294 bushels per acre on the timothy-redtop rotation. The superior yields of potatoes after the non-legume hay is thought to result, in part, from a more favorable supply and balance of potassium, calcium and magnesium left by the grass crop. Rhode Island White Flint corn yielded slightly more grain when grown after the legume-grass hay rather than grass hay alone. The supply of available nitrogen seemed to be a controlling factor influencing the yield of corn. The alfalfa-timothy seeding outyielded the general legume hay mixture during the second and third years. The non-legume seeding produced the smallest amount of hay with the least feed value. The general legume mixture usually produced more hay the first year because the biennial clovers that it contained appeared to mature more quickly than the alfalfa. The average net returns per acre were figured for 2 periods of 5 years, 1935-1939 and 1942-1946. During the first period these net returns per acre were $40.77,$24.46 and $10.93 for rotations B, E, and F, respectively. During the second period the net returns were$61.44, $34.52 and$39.85 respectively for these rotations

A Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Trial of Recovery Time in High-Flux Hemodialysis and Hemodiafiltration

Background: The choice between hemodiafiltration (HDF) or high-flux hemodialysis (HD) to treat end-stage kidney disease remains a matter of debate. The duration of recovery time after treatment has been associated with mortality, affects quality of life, and may therefore be important in informing patient choice. We aimed to establish whether recovery time is influenced by treatment with HDF or HD. Study Design: Randomized patient-blinded crossover trial. Settings & Participants: 100 patients with end-stage kidney disease were enrolled from 2 satellite dialysis units in Glasgow, United Kingdom. Intervention: 8 weeks of HD followed by 8 weeks of online postdilution HDF or vice versa. Outcomes: Posttreatment recovery time, symptomatic hypotension events, dialysis circuit clotting events, and biochemical parameters. Measurements: Patient-reported recovery time in minutes, incidence of adverse events during treatments, hematology and biochemistry results, quality-of-life questionnaire. Results: There was no overall difference in recovery time between treatments (medians for HDF vs HD of 47.5 [IQR, 0-240] vs 30 [IQR, 0-210] minutes, respectively; P = 0.9). During HDF treatment, there were significant increases in rates of symptomatic hypotension (8.0% in HDF vs 5.3% in HD; relative risk [RR], 1.52; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9; P < 0.001) and intradialytic tendency to clotting (1.8% in HDF vs 0.7% in HD; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-5.0; P = 0.002). Serum albumin level was significantly lower during HDF (3.2 vs 3.3 g/dL; P < 0.001). Health-related quality-of-life scores were equivalent. Limitations: Single center; mean achieved HDF convection volume, 20.6 L. Conclusions: Patients blinded to whether they were receiving HD or HDF in a randomized controlled crossover study reported similar posttreatment recovery times and health-related quality-of-life scores

Thermodynamic versus statistical nonequivalence of ensembles for the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths model

We illustrate a novel characterization of nonequivalent statistical mechanical ensembles using the mean-field Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model as a test model. The novel characterization takes effect at the level of the microcanonical and canonical equilibrium distributions of states. For this reason it may be viewed as a statistical characterization of nonequivalent ensembles which extends and complements the common thermodynamic characterization of nonequivalent ensembles based on nonconcave anomalies of the microcanonical entropy. By computing numerically both the microcanonical and canonical sets of equilibrium distributions of states of the BEG model, we show that for values of the mean energy where the microcanonical entropy is nonconcave, the microcanonical distributions of states are nowhere realized in the canonical ensemble. Moreover, we show that for values of the mean energy where the microcanonical entropy is strictly concave, the equilibrium microcanonical distributions of states can be put in one-to-one correspondence with equivalent canonical equilibrium distributions of states. Our numerical computations illustrate general results relating thermodynamic and statistical equivalence and nonequivalence of ensembles proved by Ellis, Haven, and Turkington [J. Stat. Phys. 101, 999 (2000)].Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, minor typos corrected and one reference adde

‘Dominant ethnicity’ and the ‘ethnic-civic’ dichotomy in the work of A. D. Smith

This article considers the way in which the work of Anthony Smith has helped to structure debates surrounding the role of ethnicity in present-day nations. Two major lines of enquiry are evident here. First, the contemporary role of dominant ethnic groups within 'their' nations and second, the interplay between ethnic and civic elements in nationalist argument. The two processes are related, but maintain elements of distinctiveness. Smith's major contribution to the dominant ethnicity debate has been to disembed ethnicity from the ideologically-charged and/or anglo-centric discourse of ethnic relations and to place it in historical context, thereby opening up space for dominant group ethnicity to be considered as a distinct phenomenon. This said, Smith's work does not adequately account for the vicissitudes of dominant ethnicity in the contemporary West. Building on the classical works of Hans Kohn and Friedrich Meinecke, Anthony Smith has also made a seminal contribution to the debate on civic and ethnic forms of national identity and nationalist ideology. As well as freeing this debate from the strong normative overtones which it has often carried, he has continued to insist that the terms civic and ethnic should be treated as an ideal-typical distinction rather than a scheme of classification

Are we over-treating with checkpoint inhibitors?

Anti-PD-1 antibodies offer potentially life-saving treatment for some cancer patients, but their chronic administration generates high and ever-increasing costs. Despite licensing for long-term use, optimal treatment duration is unknown. We challenge the need for long-term treatment duration, using evidence from melanoma research, both published and in process

Classification of phase transitions and ensemble inequivalence, in systems with long range interactions

Systems with long range interactions in general are not additive, which can lead to an inequivalence of the microcanonical and canonical ensembles. The microcanonical ensemble may show richer behavior than the canonical one, including negative specific heats and other non-common behaviors. We propose a classification of microcanonical phase transitions, of their link to canonical ones, and of the possible situations of ensemble inequivalence. We discuss previously observed phase transitions and inequivalence in self-gravitating, two-dimensional fluid dynamics and non-neutral plasmas. We note a number of generic situations that have not yet been observed in such systems.Comment: 42 pages, 11 figures. Accepted in Journal of Statistical Physics. Final versio

The characteristic blue spectra of accretion disks in quasars as uncovered in the infrared

Quasars are thought to be powered by supermassive black holes accreting surrounding gas. Central to this picture is a putative accretion disk which is believed to be the source of the majority of the radiative output. It is well known, however, that the most extensively studied disk model -- an optically thick disk which is heated locally by the dissipation of gravitational binding energy -- is apparently contradicted by observations in a few major respects. In particular, the model predicts a specific blue spectral shape asymptotically from the visible to the near-infrared, but this is not generally seen in the visible wavelength region where the disk spectrum is observable. A crucial difficulty was that, toward the infrared, the disk spectrum starts to be hidden under strong hot dust emission from much larger but hitherto unresolved scales, and thus has essentially been impossible to observe. Here we report observations of polarized light interior to the dust-emiting region that enable us to uncover this near-infrared disk spectrum in several quasars. The revealed spectra show that the near-infrared disk spectrum is indeed as blue as predicted. This indicates that, at least for the outer near-infrared-emitting radii, the standard picture of the locally heated disk is approximately correct. The model problems at shorter wavelengths should then be directed toward a better understanding of the inner parts of the revealed disk. The newly uncovered disk emission at large radii, with more future measurements, will also shed totally new light on the unanswered critical question of how and where the disk ends.Comment: published in Nature, 24 July 2008 issue. Supplementary Information can be found at http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/suppl_info.pdf Published version can be accessed from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v454/n7203/pdf/nature07114.pd