Rights and Development-Induced Displacement: Is it a case of risk management or social protection?

Irrespective of the regional setting, displacement of all kinds results in considerable disruption and loss of assets for both the individual and the collective, with greater likelihood of socio-economic impoverishment and reduced access to rights entitlements. Although there is evidence that displaced people face additional challenges of life in a new environment, living day to day with uncertainties around their survival, the larger proportion of these studies are concerned with physical resettlement and the livelihood restoral of people displaced as a result of conflict or large development projects (whether as refugees or internally displaced people (IDP). There has been relatively little critical reflection on how the policy framework can deliver the rights and entitlements of forced migrants, including those who should be obliged to protect them and the relevance of individual agency . This paper critically engages with current internal displacement protection policies that are based on risk management or short-term relief measures. It considers how a policy paradigm of social protection might offer a framework to minimize the loss of rights so often associated with displacement

Third homology of general linear groups

The third homology group of GL_n(R) is studied, where R is a `ring with many units' with center Z(R). The main theorem states that if K_1(Z(R))_Q \simeq K_1(R)_Q, (e.g. R a commutative ring or a central simple algebra), then H_3(GL_2(R), Q) --> H_3(GL_3(R), Q) is injective. If R is commutative, Q can be replaced by a field k such that 1/2 is in k. For an infinite field R (resp. an infinite field R such that R*=R*^2), we get a better result that H_3(GL_2(R), Z[1/2] --> H_3(GL_3(R), Z[1/2]) (resp. H_3(GL_2(R), Z) --> H_3(GL_3(R), Z)) is injective. As an application we study the third homology group of SL_2(R) and the indecomposable part of K_3(R).Comment: 24 pages, Latex, new title, some results are generalized, added reference