980 research outputs found
Dynamics of face and annular seals with two-phase flow
A detailed study was made of face and annular seals under conditions where boiling, i.e., phase change of the leaking fluid, occurs within the seal. Many seals operate in this mode because of flashing due to pressure drop and/or heat input from frictional heating. Some of the distinctive behavior characteristics of two phase seals are discussed, particularly their axial stability. The main conclusions are that seals with two phase flow may be unstable if improperly balanced. Detailed theoretical analyses of low (laminar) and high (turbulent) leakage seals are presented along with computer codes, parametric studies, and in particular a simplified PC based code that allows for rapid performance prediction: calculations of stiffness coefficients, temperature and pressure distributions, and leakage rates for parallel and coned face seals. A simplified combined computer code for the performance prediction over the laminar and turbulent ranges of a two phase flow is described and documented. The analyses, results, and computer codes are summarized
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 6 Number 10
Financial Report
Calendar of Events
Attention, Class of 1945!
Miss Shafer Retires
Review of the Alumnae Association Meetings
Institutional Staff Nurses\u27 Section
Report of Staff Activites - 1948-1949
The Staff
Stockings! Stockings! Stockings!
Pop-Up Toaster
It\u27s Not Too Soon
Any White Elephants?
Private Duty Section
The Jefferson Hospital Private Duty Nurses\u27 Register
Report for Barton Memorial Hospital
Progress of the Orthopedic Department
Just Under the Date Line
Pediatrics at Jefferson
Controlled Respiration in Anesthesia
Anesthesia Progress
Physical Advances at Jefferson During the Past Year
The White Haven Division
The Clara Melville Scholarship Fund
The Relief Fund
The Busy Year for the Nurses\u27 Home Committee of the Women\u27s Board
The Gray Ladies
Memories
Lost
Miscellaneous Items
Medical College News
Marriages
Births
Deaths
Condolences
Prizes
District No. 1 Dues
Help! Help! Help!
Jap Prison School Spurs Nurse to Win University Degree
Twenty Ways to Kill an Organization
The Bulletin Committee
Attention, Alumnae
New Addresse
Interaction of Disulfiram with Antiretroviral Medications: Efavirenz Increases While Atazanavir Decreases Disulfiram Effect on Enzymes of Alcohol Metabolism
Background and Objectives
Alcohol abuse complicates treatment of HIV disease and is linked to poor outcomes. Alcohol pharmacotherapies, including disulfiram (DIS), are infrequently utilized in co-occurring HIV and alcohol use disorders possibly related to concerns about drug interactions between antiretroviral (ARV) medications and DIS.
Method
This pharmacokinetics study (n = 40) examined the effect of DIS on efavirenz (EFV), ritonavir (RTV), or atazanavir (ATV) and the effect of these ARV medications on DIS metabolism and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity which mediates the DIS-alcohol reaction.
Results
EFV administration was associated with decreased S-Methyl-N-N-diethylthiocarbamate (DIS carbamate), a metabolite of DIS (p = .001) and a precursor to the metabolite responsible for ALDH inhibition, S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC–MeSO). EFV was associated with increased DIS inhibition of ALDH activity relative to DIS alone administration possibly as a result of EFV-associated induction of CYP 3A4 which metabolizes the carbamate to DETC–MeSO (which inhibits ALDH). Conversely, ATV co-administration reduced the effect of DIS on ALDH activity possibly as a result of ATV inhibition of CYP 3A4. DIS administration had no significant effect on any ARV studied.
Discussion/Conclusions
ATV may render DIS ineffective in treatment of alcoholism.
Future Directions
DIS is infrequently utilized in HIV-infected individuals due to concerns about adverse interactions and side effects. Findings from this study indicate that, with ongoing clinical monitoring, DIS should be reconsidered given its potential efficacy for alcohol and potentially, cocaine use disorders, that may occur in this population. (Am J Addict 2014;23:137–144
- …