The Perfect Crime? FIFA and the Absence of Accountability in Switzerland

Article published in the Md. J. International Law

Hyperbole, Hypocrisy, and Hubris in the Aid Corruption Dialogue

Article published in the Georgetown Journal of International Law

Attack of the Sovereign Wealth Funds: Defending the Republic from the Threat of Sovereign Wealth Funds?

Article published in the Michigan State Journal of International Law

Unscrewing the Inscrutable: The UK Bribery Act 2010

Article published in the Indiana International & Comparative Law Review

Sodium Entry during Action Potentials of Mammalian Neurons: Incomplete Inactivation and Reduced Metabolic Efficiency in Fast-Spiking Neurons

SummaryWe measured the time course of sodium entry during action potentials of mouse central neurons at 37°C to examine how efficiently sodium entry is coupled to depolarization. In cortical pyramidal neurons, sodium entry was nearly completely confined to the rising phase of the spike: only ∼25% more sodium enters than the theoretical minimum necessary for spike depolarization. However, in fast-spiking GABAergic neurons (cerebellar Purkinje cells and cortical interneurons), twice as much sodium enters as the theoretical minimum. The extra entry occurs because sodium channel inactivation is incomplete during the falling phase of the spike. The efficiency of sodium entry in different cell types is primarily a function of action potential shape and not cell-type-specific differences in sodium channel kinetics. The narrow spikes of fast-spiking GABAergic neurons result in incomplete inactivation of sodium channels; this reduces metabolic efficiency but likely enhances the ability to fire spikes at high frequency

Expansive Reach-Useless Guidance: An Introduction To The U.K. Bribery Act 2010

Following two decades of incessant pressure from American diplomats, in 1997, the international Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) completed negotiation of the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions