Neutron Diffraction Studies on Chemical and Magnetic Structure of Multiferroic PbFe0.67W0.33O3

We report on the single phase synthesis and room temperature structural characterization of PbFe0.67W0.33O3 (PFW) multiferroic. The PFW was synthesized by low temperature sintering, Columbite method. Analysis of powder XRD pattern exhibits single phase formation of PFW with no traces of pyrochlore phase. Detailed analysis of room temperature neutron diffraction (ND) reveals cubic phase at room temperature, space group Pm-3m. The ND pattern clearly reveals magnetic Bragg peak at 2theeta = 18.51 (Q = 1.36{\AA}-1). The refinement of magnetic structure reveals G-type antiferromagnetic structure in PFW at room temperature. The dielectric constant and loss tangent decreases with increasing frequency. The room temperature P-E measurements shows a non-linear slim hysteresis, typical nature of relaxor multiferroics, with saturation and remnant polarizations of Ps = 1.50 microC/cm2 and Pr = 0.40 microC/cm2, respectively.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figures, conferenc

イネ2系統が保有するいもち病抵抗性の遺伝学的解析

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(農学)甲第24680号農博第2563号新制||農||1100(附属図書館)学位論文||R5||N5461(農学部図書室)京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻(主査)教授 寺内 良平, 教授 髙野 義孝, 教授 吉田 健太郎学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Agricultural ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Yield estimation of coconut in Tumkur district of Karnataka

Coconut in India is cultivated mainly in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh which account for more than 90 per cent of area and production of coconut in the country. With about 10 million people dependent on coconut farming and its allied activities, it contributes to more than 83,000 million rupees to the country’s GDP and about 6 per cent to the edible oil pool. However, there are no precise estimates of its production and productivity. The official statistics on area and production of coconut is being published with two years lag by the Department of Economic and Statistics and hence an assessment of surplus/ deficit production and its repercussion in the coconut market economy could not be made many times. Absence of such statistics at the right time for timely dissemination to stakeholders is considered as an impediment for the development and growth of the industry. Coconut Development Board initiated statistical survey for estimation of production of coconut across major coconut growing states in India by undertaking field surveys and yield estimates based on established phenotypic characters of the buttons/ nuts. The estimation was carried out in Tumkur district of Karnataka also which has the highest area under coconut. A total of 406 farms were surveyed in four taluks of the district covering 4060 bearing palms for productivity estimation. The average number of nuts per palm across all age groups for the district as a whole was 98 nuts. The average productivity for Karnataka which was much below to all India average before 2010-11 saw sudden surge post 2011-12. Questions arise as to what are the underlying factors for such sudden spikes. Across many, data capture, estimation and reporting are critical which go on to determine the decision making process on development and growth of the sector. Decisions are formulated on fixation of prices, trade, planning and execution of welfare schemes and policy making. Hence, scientific estimation initiated by Coconut Development Board on production and productivity augurs well for the sector

Characterization of the Role of Mouse \u3cem\u3eNell1\u3c/em\u3e Gene in Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis During Mammalian Fetal Development

The mammalian Nell1 gene encodes a PKC-β1 binding protein that belongs to a new class of cell-signaling molecules controlling cell growth and differentiation. Overexpression of NELL1/Nell1 in the developing cranial sutures in both human and mouse induces craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures. This study describes the characterization of Nell16R (102DSJ), a recessive, neonatal-lethal point mutation in the mouse Nell1 gene, induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The generation and sequencing of the mouse full-length cDNA (2862 bp) revealed that the Nell1 gene has an open reading frame of 2433 bp and encodes an 810 amino acid protein which is highly homologous to human and rat NELL1. Nell16R has a T→A base change that converts a codon for cysteine into a premature stop codon, resulting in severe truncation of the predicted protein product and marked reduction in steady state levels of the transcript. Immuno-histochemical analysis indicates that Nell1 is expressed in the vertebral column and is involved in osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation. In addition to the expected alteration of cranial morphology, Nell16R mutants manifest skeletal defects in the vertebral column and ribcage, revealing a hitherto undefined role for Nell1 in signal transduction in endochondral ossification. Real-time quantitative RTPCR assays of 219 genes showed an association between the loss of Nell1 function and reduced expression of genes for extracellular matrix proteins critical for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Several affected genes are involved in the human cartilage disorder known as Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) and other disorders associated with spinal curvature anomalies. Nell16R mutant mice are a new tool for elucidating basic mechanisms in osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation in the developing skull and vertebral column and understanding how perturbations in the production of extracellular matrix proteins can lead to anomalies in these structures. The characterization of Nell1 functions using the Nell16R mouse model may further provide insights into the pathology of craniofacial defects like CS, cartilage diseases such as EDS as well as other bone and cartilage diseases

Scaleup and hydrodynamics study of gas-solid spouted beds

A thorough understanding of the complex flow structure of gas-solid spouted bed is crucial for design, scale-up and performance. Advanced gas-solid optical probes were developed and used to evaluate different hydrodynamic parameters of spouted beds. These optical probes measure solids concentration, velocity and their time series fluctuations. Since solids concentration needs to be converted to solids holdup through calibration, for meaningful interpretation of results, a novel calibration method was proposed (which is inexpensive and reliable compared to the current reported methods) and validated in the present study. The reported dimensionless groups approach of spouted bed scale-up was assessed and was found that the two different spouted beds were not hydrodynamically similar. Hence, a new scale-up methodology based on maintaining similar or close radial profiles of gas holdup was proposed, assessed and validated. CFD was used after it was validated as an enabling tool to facilitate the implementation of the newly developed scale-up methodology by identifying the new conditions for maintaining radial profiles of gas holdup while scaling up. It can also be implemented to quantify the effect of various variables on their hydrodynamic parameters. Gamma Ray Densitometry (GRD), a non-invasive radioisotope based technique, was developed and demonstrated to montior [sic]on-line the conditions for the scale-up, flow regime and spouted beds operation. The solids holdup in spout region increases with axial height due to movement of solids from the annulus region. However, solids velocity in the spout region decreases with axial height. In the annulus region the solids move downward as a loose packed bed and the solids velocity and holdup do not change with axial height. Using factorial design of experiments it was found that solids density, static bed height, particle diameter, superficial gas velocity and gas inlet diameter had significant effect on the identification of spout diameter. Flow regimes in spouted bed were determined with the help of optical probes, pressure transducers and GRD. It was found that the range of stable spouting regime is higher in 0.152 m beds and the range of stable spouting decreases in the 0.076 m beds. The newly developed non-invasive radioisotope technique (GRD) was able to successfully identify different flow regimes and their transition velocities besides scale-up conditions and operation --Abstract, page iii

Business risk in early design: an approach

The Business Risk in Early Design (B-RED) method is a tool used to determine the potential risks in business, in the early business development stages. In order to launch a successful business in today\u27s competitive market environment, the business should equip itself to face the risks involved in business. If the potential risks are identified even before the launch of the business, then there is an opportunity to avert risks with little or no impact to the budget and schedule. The B-RED method presented in this thesis helps entrepreneurs and people with little or no experience in business to identify the likely risks --Abstract, page iv

Effect of Thermal Radiation on MHD Casson Fluid Flow over a Stretched Surface of Variable Thickness

This study deals with the free convective heat transfer in a 2D magneto hydrodynamic flow of Casson fluid over a non-uniform thickness stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and non-uniform heat source/sink effects. The governing equations of the flow and heat transfer are transformed as the asset of nonlinear ODEs and solved numerically using bvp4c Mat lab package. The effect of pertinent parameters, namely, magnetic field parameter, Casson parameter, thermal radiation parameter, non-uniform heat source/sink parameters on the flow and heat transfer is investigated with the assistance of graphs. Numerical results are computed for the friction factor and reduced Nusselt number. It is observed that the thermal radiation has tendency to enhance the temperature field of Casson fluid. Keywords: MHD, Casson fluid, Thermal radiation, Slendering sheet, non-Uniform heat source/sink