Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea): relative abundance and incidental catch using novel trapping methods

We present an abundance-based checklist of Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) compiled from available literature and 13,718 specimens. A substantial portion of the latter were bycatch from Lindgren funnel and panel traps intended to intercept wood-boring beetle species, and a directed survey for the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula (White)). The known planthopper fauna of Pennsylvania consists of 10 families, 54 genera and 139 species including 34 new state species records (and 12 new genera). In an attempt to assess the level of completeness of this survey, we compiled an abundance-based checklist of planthopper species found in states adjacent to Pennsylvania and found similar numbers of planthopper species for each state (viz. Delaware 138 species, Maryland 147, New Jersey 145, New York 162 and Ohio 126), but the cumulative species list is comprised of 240 planthopper species, suggesting that the inventory for Pennsylvania and all adjacent states may be substantially incomplete

Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea): relative abundance and incidental catch using novel trapping methods

We present an abundance-based checklist of Pennsylvania planthoppers (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) compiled from available literature and 13,718 specimens. A substantial portion of the latter were bycatch from Lindgren funnel and panel traps intended to intercept wood-boring beetle species, and a directed survey for the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula (White)). The known planthopper fauna of Pennsylvania consists of 10 families, 54 genera and 139 species including 34 new state species records (and 12 new genera). In an attempt to assess the level of completeness of this survey, we compiled an abundance-based checklist of planthopper species found in states adjacent to Pennsylvania and found similar numbers of planthopper species for each state (viz. Delaware 138 species, Maryland 147, New Jersey 145, New York 162 and Ohio 126), but the cumulative species list is comprised of 240 planthopper species, suggesting that the inventory for Pennsylvania and all adjacent states may be substantially incomplete

A review of New World Asiracinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae) with five new taxa

Die Gattungen der Asiracinae der Neuen Welt werden im Kontext mit neu entdeckten Taxa aus Ecuador diskutiert und revidiert. Twölf nominelle Gattungen, davon drei Ugyopinae und neun Asiracinae (eine neu) werden aus der Neuen Welt gemeldet. Die tatsächliche Gattungszugehörigkeit der einer bislang zur Gattung Asiraca gestellten Art konnte nicht geklärt werden. Schlüssel zu den Asiracinae der Neuen Welt (ohne Asiraca) und zur Gattung Tetrasteira werden präsentiert. Neu beschrieben werden Pentasteira gen. nov. (Asiracinae: Platysystatini) mit P. albifrons n. sp., sowie drei Arten der Gattung Tetrasteira (Asiracinae: Tetrasteirini): T. vulgaris, n. sp., T. trimaculata n. sp., and T. solata n. sp. Große Mengen von Tetrasteira vulgaris n. sp. wurden im Amazonasbecken von Ecuador in Regenwäldern außerhalb von Überflutungsgebieten durch „canopy fogging“ gesammelt.The genera of New World asiracine planthoppers are reviewed and discussed in the context of new taxa discovered in canopy fogging samples from Ecuador. Twelve nomative genera, including 3 Ugyopinae and 9 Asiracinae (1 new) are reported from the New World, although the generic identity of the single Asiraca species could not be verified. A key to New World asiracinae genera, excluding Asiraca, is provided. The new taxa include Pentasteira gen. nov. (Asiracinae: Platysystatini) with 1 species (P. albifrons n. sp.) and a new Tetrasteira (Asiracinae: Tetrasteirini), prompting a generic revision with three new described species (T. vulgaris, n. sp., T. trimaculata n. sp., and T. solata n. sp.). A key to the species of Tetrasteira is provided. Tetrasteira vulgaris n. sp. has been taken in large numbers in canopy fogging samples from terre firme forest in the Amazon basin in Ecuador

Identification of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) intercepted on aquarium plants in Florida and elucidation of a potential pathway for exotic aquatic and semiaquatic pests

Recent shipments of aquarium plants to pet stores in five Florida counties were found to be infested with an exotic delphacid planthopper. Rearing adult males allowed identification by morphological analysis. Molecular analysis confirmed that it was the same as authoritatively identified reference specimens of the planthopper, Opiconsiva anacharsis (Fennah) (new combination) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), first reported from Florida in 1989 and known to be established only in Broward County. The host plants, Echinodorus spp. Rich. ex Engelm. (Alismatales: Alismataceae), originally from Thailand, were sold in enclosed plastic cylinders that provided a suitable environment for maintaining the planthoppers. Attempts to trace the shipment histories to these stores suggested a circuitous multi-state pathway leading to a Broward County, Florida, business that receives aquatic plants from Southeast Asia. While the infestation of these plants may have occurred in Florida, trade in semiemergent aquatic plants is shown to be a potential pathway for introduction for insect pests

An in-situ pilot study to investigate the native clinical resistance of enamel to erosion

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the differences in susceptibility of the surface of native and polished enamel to dietary erosion using an in-situ model.METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers (n = 10 per group) wore mandibular appliances containing 2 native and 2 polished enamel samples for 30 min after which, the samples were exposed to either an ex-vivo or in-vivo immersion in orange juice for 5, 10 or 15 min and the cycle repeated twice with an hour's interval between them. Samples were scanned with a non-contacting laser profilometer and surface roughness was extracted from the data, together with step height and microhardness change on the polished enamel samples.RESULTS: All volunteers completed the study. For native enamel there were no statistical difference between baseline roughness values versus post erosion. Polished enamel significantly increased mean (SD) Sa roughness from baseline for each group resulting in roughness change of 0.04 (0.03), 0.06 (0.04), 0.04 (0.03), 0.06 (0.03), 0.08 (0.05) and 0.09 (0.05) μm respectively. With statistical differences between roughness change 45 min in-vivo versus 45 min ex-vivo (p &lt; 0.05). Microhardness significantly decreased for each polished group, with statistical differences in hardness change between 30 min in-vivo versus 30 min ex-vivo (p &lt; 0.05), 45 min in-vivo versus 30 min ex-vivo (p &lt; 0.01), 45 min in-vivo versus 45 min ex-vivo (p &lt; 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The native resistance to erosion provided clinically is a combination of the ultrastructure of outer enamel, protection from the salivary pellicle and the overall effects of the oral environment. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03178968.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that outer enamel is innately more resistant to erosion which is clinically relevant as once there has been structural breakdown at this level the effects of erosive wear will be accelerated.</p

A Heparin-Coated Circuit Reduces Complement Activation and the Release of Leukocyte Inflammatory Mediators During Extracorporeal Circulation in a Rabbit

Heparin coating modifies complement activation during extracorporeal circulation much more effcclively than systemically administered heparin. This rabbit study was undertaken to address possible mechanisms responsible for this difference. We evaluated the effect of heparin coating on complement activation and subsequently the release of leukocyte inflammatory mediators during extracorporeal circulation through a simplified circuit. We found in the heparin-coated group a significantly reduced complement hemolytic activity (CH 50 ), remaining higher leukocyte numbers, significantly decreased release of -glucuronidase, and most strikingly a complete prevention of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) formation. The significantly reduced CH 50 activity in the heparin-coated groups indicates the reduction of one or more native classical complement products. This could be explained by the absorption of complement components by the circuit, which results in reduced activity of the complement cascade. We conclude therefore that heparin coating reduces complement activation and consequently reduces the release of leukocyte inflammatory mediators.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73454/1/j.1525-1594.1992.tb00533.x.pd

Platelet consumption during neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS)

This paper reports the results of a retrospective study of blood use and blood loss in 40 neonates during extracorporeal life support (ECLS). Immediately after onset of bypass 39±2.5ml platelets, 59.4±6.5ml packed red blood cells (PRBC) and 15.0±5.4ml fresh frozen plasma (FFP) per patient were needed. The average daily amount given per patient was 49.0±3.0ml of platelets and 48.0±3.4ml and 9.6±3.9ml of PRBC and FFP respectively. The 10 patients who had bleeding complications received 50.0±6.3ml/day of platelets compared to 49.0±3.4ml in the other patients. The majority of blood loss during the entire period of ECLS was from samples, averaging 43.0 ± 1.5ml/day. Neck wound drainage, 6.7±2.5ml/day per patient, lasted for the entire period.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68887/2/10.1177_026765919200700106.pd

Revision of the Neotropical genus Trigava O’Brien, 1999 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Nersiini), with descriptions of two new species from Peru and Brazil

The Neotropical planthopper genus Trigava O’Brien, 1999 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Nersiini) is revised. Four species are included: T. brachycephala (Melichar, 1912) (the type species, from Peru), T. obrieni Song, Malenovský &amp;amp; Deckert, sp. nov. (from Brazil), T. peruensis Song, O’Brien &amp;amp; Bartlett, sp. nov. (from Peru), and T. recurva (Melichar, 1912) (from Bolivia and Peru). Lectotypes are designated for Igava brachycephala Melichar, 1912 and Igava recurva Melichar, 1912. All species are described, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Male and female genitalia are described for this genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species of Trigava and a distribution map are provided

Homophily and Contagion Are Generically Confounded in Observational Social Network Studies

We consider processes on social networks that can potentially involve three factors: homophily, or the formation of social ties due to matching individual traits; social contagion, also known as social influence; and the causal effect of an individual's covariates on their behavior or other measurable responses. We show that, generically, all of these are confounded with each other. Distinguishing them from one another requires strong assumptions on the parametrization of the social process or on the adequacy of the covariates used (or both). In particular we demonstrate, with simple examples, that asymmetries in regression coefficients cannot identify causal effects, and that very simple models of imitation (a form of social contagion) can produce substantial correlations between an individual's enduring traits and their choices, even when there is no intrinsic affinity between them. We also suggest some possible constructive responses to these results.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. V2: Revised in response to referees. V3: Ditt