Rheological and textural characteristic of restructured fruit puree

Sago starch is a cheap form of starch which is isolated from sago palm (Metroxylon spp.) and is available in abundance in South East Asian countries. Given its low cost, Sago starch has great potential to be used as a substitute for other forms of starch. The objectives of this work were to study the effects of paste concentration on the rheological behaviour of sago starch paste, their texture properties and their freeze thaw stability compared to other types of starch. The rheological properties of sago starch were investigated at different paste concentrations (3-8 wt %). The textural properties of the samples were investigated by examining the gel strength of the samples. The percent syneresis of sago starch was also studied to examine the freeze-thaw stability of the material. The freeze thaw stability of sago starch with the addition of certain biopolymers were also characterized

Multiscale Analysis of Turbulence in Horizontal Pipes:Liquid and Particle-Liquid Flow Investigation

An experimental–theoretical methodology is developed to investigate the characteristics of turbulence in horizontal particle-liquid pipe flows. Using a discrete wavelet transform, the three-dimensional Lagrangian trajectories of the liquid phase experimentally determined by positron emission particle tracking are decomposed into their deterministic and stochastic sub-trajectories, which are then utilized to construct profiles of local fluctuating velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy. The results for a single-phase flow are independently validated using computational fluid dynamic simulation and the analysis parameters are fine-tuned using direct numerical simulation data from the literature. In a particle-liquid flow, the investigation explores the influence of various factors including particle size, density, and concentration on turbulence intensity. Remarkably, the results demonstrate significant effects of the particle size and density on liquid turbulence. The enhanced understanding gained regarding turbulence intensity helps to advance our fundamental interpretation of the dynamics of particle-liquid flows, thus potentially aiding the rational design of such complex flows and associated equipment

Multiscale Analysis of Turbulence in Horizontal Pipes:Liquid and Particle-Liquid Flow Investigation

An experimental–theoretical methodology is developed to investigate the characteristics of turbulence in horizontal particle-liquid pipe flows. Using a discrete wavelet transform, the three-dimensional Lagrangian trajectories of the liquid phase experimentally determined by positron emission particle tracking are decomposed into their deterministic and stochastic sub-trajectories, which are then utilized to construct profiles of local fluctuating velocity components and turbulent kinetic energy. The results for a single-phase flow are independently validated using computational fluid dynamic simulation and the analysis parameters are fine-tuned using direct numerical simulation data from the literature. In a particle-liquid flow, the investigation explores the influence of various factors including particle size, density, and concentration on turbulence intensity. Remarkably, the results demonstrate significant effects of the particle size and density on liquid turbulence. The enhanced understanding gained regarding turbulence intensity helps to advance our fundamental interpretation of the dynamics of particle-liquid flows, thus potentially aiding the rational design of such complex flows and associated equipment

Comparative Evaluation of Electrical Resistance Tomography, Positron Emission Particle Tracking and High-Speed Imaging for Analysing Horizontal Particle-Liquid Flow in a Pipe

We evaluate three experimental techniques - electrical resistance tomography (ERT), positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) and high-speed imaging (HSI) – for analysing the local particle velocity field and spatial distribution in a horizontal particle-liquid pipe flow under varying conditions of solid concentration. A new ERT methodology is devised for estimating particle velocity, circumventing the limitations of the conventional cross-correlation technique. Furthermore, an enhanced HSI approach is introduced and systematically compared with PEPT and ERT. Results show that, under all conditions, PEPT provides the most accurate particle velocity field followed by HSI, whilst ERT yields the most accurate concentration field, followed by HSI. The enhanced HSI emerges as a simple cost-effective option compared to PEPT and ERT. A combined measurement approach using PEPT for local particle velocity and ERT for local concentration, however, delivers the best comprehensive two-phase flow characterisation, highlighting potential synergies between these methods for complex flow studies