WPŁYW KONCENTRACJI PLEMNIKÓW W EJAKULACIE NA CECHY MORFOMETRYCZNE PLEMNIKÓW KNURÓW RASY PIETRAIN

An attempt to evaluate the effect of spermatozoa concentration in one ejaculate on their measurements, shape, frequency of occurrence of morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa and physical traits of boar ejaculates in Pietrain breed was made. It was concluded that there was a slight dependence between the content of spermatozoa in one ejaculate and morphometrical traits of spermatozoa. In semen with lower content of spermatozoa (I and II group), the spermatozoa had slightly longer heads (by about 0.18 μm) than in semen with large spermatozoa concentration (III group). Spermatozoa in ejaculates with the lowest spermatozoa concentration were characterized by the longest flagellum and the largest total length. The total length of spermatozoa was decreasing in groups of larger concentration, which was caused by both lower length of heads and flagella. Some differences in spermatozoa shape in relation to their concentration in one ejaculate were found. Spermatozoa in ejaculates, which were classified into II group, seemed to have less prolate shape than spermatozoa in ejaculates of I and III groups. It was stated that the content of spermatozoa in one ejaculate affected the frequency of spermatozoa with morphological changes. Semen assigned to II group was distinguished by the best quality.Podjęto próbę oceny wpływu koncentracji plemników w ejakulacie na wymiary, kształt i częstość występowania anomalii morfologicznych plemników oraz cechy fizyczne ejakulatu knurów rasy Pietrain. Wykazano, że jest nieduża zależność pomiędzy koncentracją plemników w ejakulacie a cechami morfometrycznymi plemników. W nasieniu o mniejszej koncentracji (grupa I i II) plemniki miały nieco dłuższe główki (o około 0,18 μm) niż w nasieniu o dużej koncentracji plemników (grupa III). Najdłuższymi witkami i największą łączną długością charakteryzowały się plemniki z ejakulatów o najmniejszej koncentracji plemników. W grupach o większej koncentracji łączna długość plemnika malała, co wynikało z mniejszej długości zarówno główki jak i witki plemnika. Stwierdzono pewne różnice w kształcie plemników w zależności od ich koncentracji w ejakulacie. Plemniki z ejakulatów zakwalifikowanych do II grupy zdają się mieć kształt mniej wydłużony niż plemniki w ejakulatach z grupy I i III. Stwierdzono, że koncentracja plemników w ejakulacie wywiera wpływ na frekwencję plemników wykazujących zmiany morfologiczne. Najlepszą jakością charakteryzowało się nasienie zakwalifikowane do II grupy

EFFECT OF SPERM CONCENTRATION ON EJACULATE FOR MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS OF SPERMATOZOAS OF THE PIETRAIN BREED BOARS

An attempt to evaluate the effect of spermatozoa concentration in one ejaculate on their measurements, shape, frequency of occurrence of morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa and physical traits of boar ejaculates in Pietrain breed was made. It was concluded that there was a slight dependence between the content of spermatozoa in one ejaculate and morphometrical traits of spermatozoa. In semen with lower content of spermatozoa (I and II group), the spermatozoa had slightly longer heads (by about 0.18 μm) than in semen with large spermatozoa concentration (III group). Spermatozoa in ejaculates with the lowest spermatozoa concentration were characterized by the longest flagellum and the largest total length. The total length of spermatozoa was decreasing in groups of larger concentration, which was caused by both lower length of heads and flagella. Some differences in spermatozoa shape in relation to their concentration in one ejaculate were found. Spermatozoa in ejaculates, which were classified into II group, seemed to have less prolate shape than spermatozoa in ejaculates of I and III groups. It was stated that the content of spermatozoa in one ejaculate affected the frequency of spermatozoa with morphological changes. Semen assigned to II group was distinguished by the best quality

Evaluation of sperm chromatin structure in boar semen

This study was an attempt to evaluate sperm chromatin structure in the semen of insemination boars. Preparations of semen were stained with acridine orange, aniline blue, and chromomycin A3. Abnormal protamination occurred more frequently in young individuals whose sexual development was not yet complete, but may also be an individual trait. This possibility is important to factor into the decision regarding further exploitation of insemination boars. Thus a precise assessment of abnormalities in the protamination process would seem to be expedient as a tool supplementing morphological and molecular evaluation of semen. Disruptions in nucleoprotein structure can be treated as indicators of the biological value of sperm cells

The role of staining techniques in seminological analysis of mammalian semen

The most important semen parameters are the concentration, motility and morphology of sperm cells. Sperm morphology is regarded as the most reliable parameter for predicting fertility in males. A problem in evaluating sperm morphology and morphometry is the lack of standardization of staining techniques. The staining procedure and reagents used can significantly affect the morphometric parameters of the sperm cell. The use of stains with different pH or osmotic pressure, as well as the duration of the procedure, may influence the shape and size of the sperm, and thus the result of the morphological evaluation of the semen. It is necessary to develop an evaluation procedure for sperm morphology and morphometry that will minimize the changes in the structure of the evaluated semen in relation to the native semen

Use of silver nitrate for the assessment of sperm measurements in selected farm and free-living animal species

The study was conducted on spermatozoa of selected farm and free-living animal species, isolated post mortem from the tail of the epididymis, and stained with silver nitrate – AgNO3. The material was collected from pigs, goats, wild boar, and European roe deer. Twenty morphologically normal spermatozoa randomly selected from each animal and well visible under the microscope, were analysed. The following measurements were considered: head length, width, perimeter and area, acrosome area, mid-piece length, tail length, and overall sperm length. AgNO3 staining differentiated the acrosomal (light hue) and distal (dark hue) part of the sperm head, and a light-hued mid-piece was visible within the sperm tail. Silver nitrate staining revealed species and variety-related differences, particularly in reference to the sperm head. Clear-cut differentiation within the head and tail area made it possible to perform detailed morphometric measurements of the spermatozoa

Morphological changes of reproductive organs during egg formation of autochthonous Oravka hens

Article Details: Received: 2020-11-01 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.33-36 In this study we investigated the changes of reproductive organs and duration of egg formation in autochthonous Oravka hens. The changes of ovary and oviduct in defferent time were investigated on 66 hens at the top of the laying. Reproductive organs have to change their weight and morphological structure depending on the dynamics of egg formation. From ovulation to laying the ovary weight increased from 47.29 to 51.55 g, oviduct weight from 71.89 to 76,31 g. Oviduct length varied from 67.39 to 68.51 g, thee functional parts were changed depending on their activity. Length of the individual oviduct parts was – infundibulum from 3.46 to 3.59 cm, magnum 36.89 to 39.98 cm, isthmus 8.87 to 10.78 cm, uterus from 10.39 to 11.97 cm and vagina from 4.89 to 5.41 cm.  Keywords: Oravka, hen, egg formation, ovary, oviduct References Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple ranges and multiple F-test. Biometric, 11, 10–42. doi:10.2307/3001478Halaj, M. (1982). Morphological changes of reproductive organs of hens during egg formation. Acta zootechnica, 38, 161-173. In SlovakHead, V. (2010). Keeping chickens and other poultry. London: Aucturus Publishing Limited, 160 s. ISBN 978 -1-90723-014-9.Hobson, J. &  Lewis, C. (2009). Choosing & Raising Chickens. David & Charles Limited, 2009, 160 s. ISBN 978-0-7153-3664-9.Hocking, P.M. et al. (1987). Ovarian follicular structure of white leghorns fed ad libitum and dwarf and normal broiler breeders fed ad libitum or restricted until point of lay. British Poultry Science, 28, 493-506.Hocking, P.M. and McCormack, H.A. (1995). Differential sensitivity of ovarian follicles to gonadotrophin stimulation in broiler and layer lines of domestic fowl. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 105, 49-55.Iwasawa, A. et al. (2010) Morphological and histochemical changes in the uterus epithelium during eggshell formation in quail. Journal of Poultry Science, 47, 183-189.  https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009112JASP 0.8.6 software (2018). Available on https://jasp-stats.org/Khokhlov, R. YU. and Kuznetcov, S. I. (2007). Morphogenesis of a tunica mucosa of oviduct of the hens. International Journal of Morphology, 25(2):329-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022007000200014Mahmud, M.A. et al. (2017). Gross morphological and morphometric studies of oviduct in three genotypes of Nigerian indigenous laying chickens. Journal of Diary, Veterinary & Amimal Research, 5 (4), 138-142. DOI: 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00151Mishra, B. et al. (2019). Genetic and hormonal regulation of egg formation in the oviduct of laying hens. Poultry - An Advanced Learning, Asghar Ali Kamboh, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.85011. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/poultry-an-advanced-learning/genetic-and-hormonal-regulation-of-egg -formation-in-the-oviduct-of-laying-hensMohammadi, H. and Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z. (2016). Follicle diameters, egg weight, and egg production performance in old laying hens injected with growth hormone and testosterone. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 18, 949-959.Moraes, C. et al. (2010). Morphology and histology of the oviduct of Marrecas Anaboschas. Arq Brasilian Veterinary Medicine and Zoological Technology, 62(2), 34-44. 10.15406/jdvar.2017.05.00151Peris, L. et al. (2005). Effect of lighting program on development of follicles during sexual maturation of laying hens. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 21 (5-6), 247-251.Pollock, C.G. and Orosz, S.E. (2002). Avian reproductive, anatomy, physiology and endocrinology. Veterinary Clinical Exotica, 5(3), 441-474.  DOI: 10.1016/s1094-9194(02)00010-5Rahman, A. (2013). An introduction to morphology of the reproductive system and anatomy of hen’s egg. Journal of Life and Earth Science, 8, 1-10. DOI: 10.3329/jles.v8i0.20133Robinson, F.E. et al. (1996). Effects of age at photostimulation on reproductive efficiency and carcass characteristics. 2. Egg- type hens. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 76, 283-288.Sah, N and Mishra, B. (2018). Regulation of egg formation in the oviduct of laying hen. World's Poultry Science Journal. 74 (3), 509-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933918000442Veterany, L. &  Jedlička, J. (2002). Poultry Anatomy. Nitra, Garrmond, 97 p. ISBN 80-968659-4-3. In SlovakVijayakumar, K. et al. (2014) Macro anatomy of female reproductive tract during laying and non-laying period in adult emu birds (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(12), 793-795

Evaluation of the suitability of broiler chicken and turkey commercial feed mixes in the diets of grey partridge (Perdix perdix L.) during the rearing period

The aim of the study was to evaluation of the suitability of broiler chicken and turkey commercial feed mixes in the diets of grey partridge (Perdix perdix L.) during the rearing period. The study was carried out on a farm authorized by the Minister of the Environment to conduct breeding and farming of grey partridge, DL Pgł-6713-23/15852/13/RN dated 24 April, 2013. The research material consisted of grey partridge chicks assigned to two groups: one, fed the complete feed mix for turkeys IB-1 till 4 weeks of rearing, followed by the complete feed mix for turkeys B-2 from 5 weeks on (group I, n = 22) and the other, fed the complete feed DKA-Starter for broiler chickens (group II, n = 22). The rearing cycle took 8 weeks. Observations within the experiment included deaths records and monitoring of health status, body weight, feed intake and maintenance conditions. Better parameters of partridges rearing were attained as a result of IB feeding. Birds fed with IB-1 and IB-2 feed mixes showed a higher body weight, as compared to chicks fed DKA-Strater (DKA-S). The difference persisted from the first week of rearing to the end of the feeding trial (respectively 0.32 g and 4.59 g). From day 1 until 8 weeks of age, partridges fed the IB feed showed greater average daily gains (4.17 g), a faster rate of growth (181.67%) and a greater final body weight, all at a lower feed intake compared to those fed mix with DKA-S. It has been found that the IB feed mix can successfully be used in the nutrition of grey partridges

Is copeptin a new potential biomarker of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome?

Objectives: Copeptin has been reported to play an important role in metabolic response in women with PCOS. However, the optimal cut-off value for detecting subjects with insulin resistance (IR) remains undetermined. We investigated whether copeptin can serve as an indicator of IR and tried to determine the optimal cut-off value of plasma copeptin concentration in detecting subjects with PCOS and IR.  Material and methods: We carried out a case-control study on 158 women with PCOS and HOMA-IR < 2.5, 96 women with PCOS with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, and 70 healthy volunteers. Plasma copeptin, as well as hormonal, biochemical, metabolic, and IR parameters, were measured. To investigate whether copeptin allows IR to be predicted in PCOS, we used logistic regression models and ROC curve analysis.  Results: Median plasma copeptin concentration was the highest in the women with PCOS and HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5. Logistic regression analysis revealed that copeptin was the strongest predictor of HOMA ≥ 2.5 (OR: 53.34 CI 7.94–358.23, p < 0.01). Analysis of ROC curves indicated that the cut-off value above 4 pmol/L of plasma copeptin concentration had high (99%) specificity but very low (21%) sensitivity in diagnosing of IR (AUC 0.607 (95% CI 0.53–0.68.  Conclusions: Our findings suggest that copeptin is associated with IR in PCOS patients, but due to low sensitivity should not be considered as a marker of IR.

Use of silver nitrate for the assessment of sperm measurements in selected farm and free-living animal species

Abstract The study was conducted on spermatozoa of selected farm and free-living animal species, isolated post mortem from the tail of the epididymis, and stained with silver nitrate -AgNO3. The material was collected from pigs, goats, wild boar, and European roe deer. Twenty morphologically normal spermatozoa randomly selected from each animal and well visible under the microscope, were analysed. The following measurements were considered: head length, width, perimeter and area, acrosome area, mid-piece length, tail length, and overall sperm length. AgNO3 staining differentiated the acrosomal (light hue) and distal (dark hue) part of the sperm head, and a light-hued mid-piece was visible within the sperm tail. Silver nitrate staining revealed species and variety-related differences, particularly in reference to the sperm head. Clear-cut differentiation within the head and tail area made it possible to perform detailed morphometric measurements of the spermatozoa