Physiology in aquaculture with special reference to penaeid shrimp aquaculture- Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish

Aquaculture has been practiced in some societies for many centuries. However, the transition from low-input, pond-based capture system to more intensive and industrialized method has been done only during the last few decades. Contrary to terrestrial agriculture systems, aquaculture is a new industry with limited scientific knowledge. This is especially true for shrimp aquaculture, the fast growing and most valued food production systems of the world. Shrimp aquaculture has been developed without sufficient understanding of basic physiology of species of interest. Physiology is a powerful science, which has potential to contribute positively for the development and growth of aquaculture. The more understanding of the physiological processes that underlie crop performance leads to the improvement and optimization of aquaculture production. Further, as knowledge of physiological process expands, desirable traits can be identified, and that can be utilized as selection criteria. Incorporation of physiological traits for selection in breeding programme, thus, would help to achieve results more quickly and efficiently than selecting for yield performance alone. This lecture note provides an overview of various aspects of reproductive physiology that have direct application in optimizing aquaculture production. The possibilities of selecting physiological traits in breeding programme have also been discussed

Breeding and larval rearing of mud crab- Winter School on Recent Advances in Breeding and Larviculture of Marine Finfish and Shellfish

Aquaculture of mud crabs (Scylla spp.) dates back to 1890 in Guangdong, China (Shan and Lain 1994). Since 1970s onwards, a steady interest was noticed in mud crabs culture in many tropical Asian countries due to its importantance in the industry and advantages viz. (1) uncomplicated technology, (2) abandoned shrimp ponds can be converted, (3) international markets, (4) native species to many tropical Asian countries, (5) easy transportation, potential for rural as well as industrialized aquaculture, (6) individual animals are valued in contrast to penaeid shrimps and (7) resilience of resources. However, crab aquaculture is severely constrained by the unperfected hatchery technology. This article summarizes various aspects of mud crab biology and hatchery technology

Arithmetic properties of blocks of consecutive integers

This paper provides a survey of results on the greatest prime factor, the number of distinct prime factors, the greatest squarefree factor and the greatest m-th powerfree part of a block of consecutive integers, both without any assumption and under assumption of the abc-conjecture. Finally we prove that the explicit abc-conjecture implies the Erd\H{o}s-Woods conjecture for each k>2.Comment: A slightly corrected and extended version of a paper which will appear in January 2017 in the book From Arithmetic to Zeta-functions published by Springe

The twisted fourth moment of the Riemann zeta function

We compute the asymptotics of the fourth moment of the Riemann zeta function times an arbitrary Dirichlet polynomial of length $T^{{1/11} - \epsilon}$Comment: 28 pages. v2: added reference

Trends and Challenges in the Utilization of Web-Based Information Repositories for the Academicians of University Libraries in Tamil Nadu

A Web-Based Information repository is a technology used to collect and organize multimedia information such as images, text, audio, video, software, and scientific data. It improves knowledge management and provides high-speed access to the database. The researcher made an initiative to analyze the trends in information services accessed from the university library website and to analyze the satisfaction of the respondents with Web-Based Information Repositories available in the sample unit. The target population of this study is research scholars in various departments of Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. The questionnaire method has been used for the collection of data required. A well-designed questionnaire was personally distributed to selected academicians covering different university departments. On the whole, 150 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Only 125 teaching faculties have responded to the request, with a response rate of 83.33%. The data was then tabulated and analysed for results and discussions

Conformational analysis of cyclolinopeptide A, a cyclic nonapeptide: nuclear overhauser effect and energy minimization studies

The conformation of cyclolinopeptide A [cyclo(Pro-Pro-Phe-Phe-Leu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Val)], a naturally occurring cyclic nonapeptide has been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide solution by 270 MHz 1H-nmr. A complete assignment of all CαH and NH resonances has been accomplished using two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). Analysis of interresidue NOEs and JHNCαH values permit construction of a molecular model for the cyclic peptide backbone. The crude model derived from nmr has been used as a starting point for energy minimization, which yields a refined structure largely compatible with nmr observations. The major features of the conformation of cyclolinopeptide A are a Type VI β-turn centered at Pro(1)-Pro(2), with a cis peptide bond between these residues and a γ-turn (C7) structure centered at Ile(6). Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds Val(9) CO - Phe(3)NH (4 →1) and Leu(5) CO - Ile(7)NH (3 → 1) are observed in the low-energy conformation. The limited solvent accessibility observed for the Val(9) and Leu(5) NH groups in the nmr studies are rationalized in terms of steric shielding

Studies on the deep water crab Charybdis (Goniohellenus) smithii Macleay from the seas around India

It is an established fact that the world population swells at an alarming rate year after year, and over half of the same is believed to suffer from malnutrition. At the present rate of population explosion it is likely that the global population may up from the present level of 5 billion to about 8 billion by the close of the present centuary (Becker, 1992). The food from land is so limited that it may not be able to satisfy even the basic requirement of the ever increasing population. One of the alternative to overcome this problem of food shortage is to tap the vast resources of the ocean which could nourish the human population many times more than its present level. According to FAO fishery Statistics the world fish production in 1990 amounted to about 97 million tonnes of which 95.8 million tonnes have come from the sea. Crustaceans comprising of prawns lobsters and crabs accounted for about 4.4% of this, which are the most highly valiJable commodities t:!{ virtue of their pivotal role in the seafood industry of the world. In India, the marine fiShery is mostly export oriented and among the seafood items exported from the country, the crustaceans account for 80ut 45 % in terms of volume and 75% in terms of value. According to the latest export figure, this amounts to about 14,000 million rupees annually (Sukumaran, 1992). Among edible crustaceans crats occupy the third rank, the first and second positions being given to prawns and lobsters on account of their demand in the overseas markets. Crab meat is considered as a delicacy in many parts of the world and within the country it is an important source of protein rich food for the less affluent society of coastal areas. .Besides its immense nutritive value, the crab meat also carries many therapeutic properties. Crab shells are rich source of chitin and its chitosan content which have numerous industrial and medicinal applications, particularly in the manufacture of artificial fabrics, printing inks, photographic emulsions adhesive cosmetics, dialysers and anticoagulants (Mendenhall, 1971, Muzzarelli and Pariser, 1978, Sambasivan, 1992). It is estimated that the world export earnings from chitin would be about 200 crores dollars by the end of 2000 AD (Girish Babu, 1990)

Fast 3D Integrated Circuit Placement Methodology using Merging Technique

In the recent years the advancement in the field of microelectronics integrated circuit (IC) design technologies proved to be a boon for design and development of various advanced systems in-terms of its reduction in form factor, low power, high speed and with increased capacity to incorporate more designs. These systems provide phenomenal advantage for armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) design to develop miniaturised low power, high performance sub-systems. One such emerging high-end technology to be used to develop systems with high capabilities for AFVs is discussed in this paper. Three dimensional IC design is one of the emerging field used to develop high density heterogeneous systems in a reduced form factor. A novel grouping based partitioning and merge based placement (GPMP) methodology for 3D ICs to reduce through silicon vias (TSVs) count and placement time is proposed. Unlike state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed methodology does not suffer from initial overlap of cells during intra-layer placement which reduces the placement time. Connectivity based grouping and partitioning ensures less number of TSVs and merge based placement further reduces intra layer wire-length. The proposed GPMP methodology has been extensively against the IBMPLACE database and performance has been compared with the latest techniques resulting in 12 per cent improvement in wire-length, 13 per cent reduction in TSV and 1.1x improvement in placement time