Automatic Probe Movement Guidance for Freehand Obstetric Ultrasound

We present the first system that provides real-time probe movement guidance for acquiring standard planes in routine freehand obstetric ultrasound scanning. Such a system can contribute to the worldwide deployment of obstetric ultrasound scanning by lowering the required level of operator expertise. The system employs an artificial neural network that receives the ultrasound video signal and the motion signal of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that is attached to the probe, and predicts a guidance signal. The network termed US-GuideNet predicts either the movement towards the standard plane position (goal prediction), or the next movement that an expert sonographer would perform (action prediction). While existing models for other ultrasound applications are trained with simulations or phantoms, we train our model with real-world ultrasound video and probe motion data from 464 routine clinical scans by 17 accredited sonographers. Evaluations for 3 standard plane types show that the model provides a useful guidance signal with an accuracy of 88.8% for goal prediction and 90.9% for action prediction.Comment: Accepted at the 23rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI 2020

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Social media in undergraduate medical education: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: There are over 3.81 billion worldwide active social media (SoMe) users. SoMe are ubiquitous in medical education, with roles across undergraduate programmes, including professionalism, blended learning, well being and mentoring. Previous systematic reviews took place before recent explosions in SoMe popularity and revealed a paucity of high-quality empirical studies assessing its effectiveness in medical education. This review aimed to synthesise evidence regarding SoMe interventions in undergraduate medical education, to identify features associated with positive and negative outcomes. METHODS: Authors searched 31 key terms through seven databases, in addition to references, citation and hand searching, between 16 June and 16 July 2020. Studies describing SoMe interventions and research on exposure to existing SoMe were included. Title, abstract and full paper screening were undertaken independently by two reviewers. Included papers were assessed for methodological quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and/or the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) instrument. Extracted data were synthesised using narrative synthesis. RESULTS: 112 studies from 26 countries met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of included studies had not significantly improved since 2013. Engagement and satisfaction with SoMe platforms in medical education are described. Students felt SoMe flattened hierarchies and improved communication with educators. SoMe use was associated with improvement in objective knowledge assessment scores and self-reported clinical and professional performance, however evidence for long term knowledge retention was limited. SoMe use was occasionally linked to adverse impacts upon mental and physical health. Professionalism was heavily investigated and considered important, though generally negative correlations between SoMe use and medical professionalism may exist. CONCLUSIONS: Social media is enjoyable for students who may improve short term knowledge retention and can aid communication between learners and educators. However, higher-quality study is required to identify longer-term impact upon knowledge and skills, provide clarification on professionalism standards and protect against harms

Ultrasound in medical education: listening to the echoes of the past to shape a vision for the future

Purpose: Ultrasound in medical education has seen a tremendous growth over the last 10–20 years but ultrasound technology has been around for hundreds of years and sound has an even longer scientific history. The development of using sound and ultrasound to understand our body and our surroundings has been a rich part of human history. From the development of materials to produce piezoelectric conductors, ultrasound has been used and improved in many industries and medical specialties. Methods: As diagnostic medical ultrasound has improved its resolution and become more portable, various specialties from radiology, cardiology, obstetrics and more recently emergency, critical care and proceduralists have found the added benefits of using ultrasound to safely help patients. The past advancements in technology have established the scaffold for the possibilities of diagnostic ultrasound’s use in the present and future. Results: A few medical educators have integrated ultrasound into medical school while a wealth of content exists online for learning ultrasound. Twenty-first century learners prefer blended learning where material can be reviewed online and personalize the education on their own time frame. This material combined with hands-on experience and mentorship can be used to develop learners’ aptitude in ultrasound. Conclusions: As educators embrace this ultrasound technology and integrate it throughout the medical education journey, collaboration across specialties will synthesize a clear path forward when needs and resources are paired with vision and a strategic plan

Ultrasound in medical education: listening to the echoes of the past to shape a vision for the future

Purpose: Ultrasound in medical education has seen a tremendous growth over the last 10–20 years but ultrasound technology has been around for hundreds of years and sound has an even longer scientific history. The development of using sound and ultrasound to understand our body and our surroundings has been a rich part of human history. From the development of materials to produce piezoelectric conductors, ultrasound has been used and improved in many industries and medical specialties. Methods: As diagnostic medical ultrasound has improved its resolution and become more portable, various specialties from radiology, cardiology, obstetrics and more recently emergency, critical care and proceduralists have found the added benefits of using ultrasound to safely help patients. The past advancements in technology have established the scaffold for the possibilities of diagnostic ultrasound’s use in the present and future. Results: A few medical educators have integrated ultrasound into medical school while a wealth of content exists online for learning ultrasound. Twenty-first century learners prefer blended learning where material can be reviewed online and personalize the education on their own time frame. This material combined with hands-on experience and mentorship can be used to develop learners’ aptitude in ultrasound. Conclusions: As educators embrace this ultrasound technology and integrate it throughout the medical education journey, collaboration across specialties will synthesize a clear path forward when needs and resources are paired with vision and a strategic plan