5,638 research outputs found
Can Daytime Napping Assist the Process of Skills Acquisition After Stroke?
Acquisition and reacquisition of skills is a main pillar of functional recovery after stroke. Nighttime sleep has a positive influence on motor learning in healthy individuals, whereas the effect of daytime sleep on neuro-rehabilitative training and relearning of the trained skills is often neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between daytime sleep (napping) and the ability to learn a new visuomotor task in chronic stroke patients. The main hypothesis was that sleep enhances motor memory consolidation after training resulting in better motor performance after a period of daytime sleep. Thirty stroke survivors completed the study. They were randomized to one of three different conditions (i) wakeful resting, (ii) short nap (10β20 min), or (iii) long nap (50β80 min). All individuals trained the task with the contralesional, stroke-impaired hand, behavioral evaluation was performed after the break time (wake, nap), and 24 h later. Patients demonstrated a significant task-related behavioral improvement throughout the training. In contrast to the main hypothesis, there was no evidence for sleep-dependent motor consolidation early after the initial, diurnal break, or after an additional full night of sleep. In a secondary analysis, the performance changes of stroke survivors were compared with those of a group of healthy older adults who performed the identical task within the same experimental setup with their non-dominant hand. Performance levels were comparable between both cohorts at all time points. Stroke-related difficulties in motor control did not impact on the degree of performance improvement through training and daytime sleep did not impact on the behavioral gains in the two groups. In summary, the current study indicates that one-time daytime sleep after motor training does not influence behavioral gains
The Wheat GENIE3 Network Provides Biologically-Relevant Information in Polyploid Wheat
Gene regulatory networks are powerful tools which facilitate hypothesis generation and candidate gene discovery. However, the extent to which the network predictions are biologically relevant is often unclear. Recently a GENIE3 network which predicted targets of wheat transcription factors was produced. Here we used an independent RNA-Seq dataset to test the predictions of the wheat GENIE3 network for the senescence-regulating transcription factor NAM-A1 (TraesCS6A02G108300). We re-analyzed the RNA-Seq data against the RefSeqv1.0 genome and identified a set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the wild-type and nam-a1 mutant which recapitulated the known role of NAM-A1 in senescence and nutrient remobilisation. We found that the GENIE3-predicted target genes of NAM-A1 overlap significantly with the DEGs, more than would be expected by chance. Based on high levels of overlap between GENIE3-predicted target genes and the DEGs, we identified candidate senescence regulators. We then explored genome-wide trends in the network related to polyploidy and found that only homeologous transcription factors are likely to share predicted targets in common. However, homeologs which vary in expression levels across tissues are less likely to share predicted targets than those that do not, suggesting that they may be more likely to act in distinct pathways. This work demonstrates that the wheat GENIE3 network can provide biologically-relevant predictions of transcription factor targets, which can be used for candidate gene prediction and for global analyses of transcription factor function. The GENIE3 network has now been integrated into the KnetMiner web application, facilitating its use in future studies
Josephson effects in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose an experiment that would demonstrate the ``dc'' and ``ac''
Josephson effects in two weakly linked Bose-Einstein condensates. We consider a
time-dependent barrier, moving adiabatically across the trapping potential. The
phase dynamics are governed by a ``driven-pendulum'' equation, as in
current-driven superconducting Josephson junctions. At a critical velocity of
the barrier (proportional to the critical tunneling current), there is a sharp
transition between the ``dc'' and ``ac'' regimes. The signature is a sudden
jump of a large fraction of the relative condensate population. Analytical
predictions are compared with a full numerical solution of the time dependent
Gross-Pitaevskii equation, in an experimentally realistic situation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Delayed development of basal spikelets in wheat explains their increased floret abortion and rudimentary nature
Large differences exist in the number of grains per spikelet across an individual wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike. The central spikelets produce the highest number of grains, while apical and basal spikelets are less productive, and the most basal spikelets are commonly only developed in rudimentary form. Basal spikelets are delayed in initiation, yet they continue to develop and produce florets. The precise timing or the cause of their abortion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the underlying causes of basal spikelet abortion using shading applications in the field. We found that basal spikelet abortion is likely to be the consequence of complete floret abortion, as both occur concurrently and have the same response to shading treatments. We detected no differences in assimilate availability across the spike. Instead, we show that the reduced developmental age of basal florets pre-anthesis is strongly associated with their increased abortion. Using the developmental age pre-abortion, we were able to predict final grain set per spikelet across the spike, alongside the characteristic gradient in the number of grains from basal to central spikelets. Future efforts to improve spikelet homogeneity across the spike could thus focus on improving basal spikelet establishment and increasing floret development rates pre-abortion
Photoassociation of cold atoms with chirped laser pulses: time-dependent calculations and analysis of the adiabatic transfer within a two-state model
This theoretical paper presents numerical calculations for photoassociation
of ultracold cesium atoms with a chirped laser pulse and detailed analysis of
the results. In contrast with earlier work, the initial state is represented by
a stationary continuum wavefunction. In the chosen example, it is shown that an
important population transfer is achieved to vibrational levels in
the vicinity of the v=98 bound level in the external well of the
potential. Such levels lie in the energy range swept by
the instantaneous frequency of the pulse, thus defining a ``photoassociation
window''. Levels outside this window may be significantly excited during the
pulse, but no population remains there after the pulse. Finally, the population
transfer to the last vibrational levels of the ground (6s + 6s)
is significant, making stable molecules. The results are interpreted in the
framework of a two state model as an adiabatic inversion mechanism, efficient
only within the photoassociation window. The large value found for the
photoassociation rate suggests promising applications. The present chirp has
been designed in view of creating a vibrational wavepacket in the excited state
which is focussing at the barrier of the double well potential.Comment: 49 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ», ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ (Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ») ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ.
Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
-ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ°
ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π+ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ 0,45β0,9% NaCl. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
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ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ» (1,2-ΠΠ) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 5%. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ², Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
-Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ (Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ) Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ (Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½, 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ») ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΠΎ Π² Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
, Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
-Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π+ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ 0,45β0,9% NaCl. ΠΠ»Ρ Π·Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
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Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Π°Π±ΠΎ 1,2-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ» Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ 5%. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½Π° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΠ², ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ
Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ.The osmotic properties of erythrocytes frozen-thawed in combined cryopreservatives, containing polymeric non-penetrating
(dextran, polyethylene glycol) and penetrating (glycerol, 1,2-propane diol) cryoprotectants were studied. It was established that in
erythrocytes frozen-thawed in the presence of polymers the increasing of H+ ion flow rate and osmotic fragility in the environment
with 0.45β0.9% NaCl was observed. It is sufficient to add 5% glycerol or 1,2-propane diol (1,2-PD) to the medium to preserve
osmotic properties of frozen-thawed cells. The obtained results enable to suggest that cryoprotective efficiency of combined
cryopreservatives, containing non-penetrating and penetrating cryoprotectants is determined both by the contribution of cryoprotective
components differing by action mechanism into th
Preliminary definitions for the sonographic features of synovitis in children
Objectives Musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US) has the potential to be an important tool in the assessment of disease activity in childhood arthritides. To assess pathology, clear definitions for synovitis need to be developed first. The aim of this study was to develop and validate these definitions through an international consensus process. Methods The decision on which US techniques to use, the components to be included in the definitions as well as the final wording were developed by 31 ultrasound experts in a consensus process. A Likert scale of 1-5 with 1 indicating complete disagreement and 5 complete agreement was used. A minimum of 80% of the experts scoring 4 or 5 was required for final approval. The definitions were then validated on 120 standardized US images of the wrist, MCP and tibiotalar joints displaying various degrees of synovitis at various ages. Results B-Mode and Doppler should be used for assessing synovitis in children. A US definition of the various components (i.e. synovial hypertrophy, effusion and Doppler signal within the synovium) was developed. The definition was validated on still images with a median of 89% (range 80-100) of participants scoring it as 4 or 5 on a Likert scale. Conclusions US definitions of synovitis and its elementary components covering the entire pediatric age range were successfully developed through a Delphi process and validated in a web-based still images exercise. These results provide the basis for the standardized US assessment of synovitis in clinical practice and research
Observation of metastable states in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Bose-Einstein condensates have been prepared in long-lived metastable excited
states. Two complementary types of metastable states were observed. The first
is due to the immiscibility of multiple components in the condensate, and the
second to local suppression of spin-relaxation collisions. Relaxation via
re-condensation of non-condensed atoms, spin relaxation, and quantum tunneling
was observed. These experiments were done with F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein
condensates of sodium confined in an optical dipole trap.Comment: 3 figures included in paper, fourth figure separat
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