EVALUATION OF FIBER TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN BREEDING LINES OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world’s leading fiber crop, grown or processed in many countries, providing a major contribution to their economies. Yield is economically most important to a producer which drives cultivar development and adoption; however, fiber quality is the primary focus for spinning mills. This research was carried out in the experimental area of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University. In the study, 143 cotton breeding lines selected from advanced generations obtained from Sayar 314 X Beliizvor 432 crosses were used as material. In the research, genotypes; The limits of variation of properties such as fiber fineness, fiber uniformity, fiber strength, fiber length, fiber elasticity, and fiber spinning ability properties were examined and grouped statistically. According to the results obtained, lines showing superior performance in terms of fiber quality were determined. According to the results obtained in the study, genotypes were 5.82-3.23 micronaire in terms of fiber fineness, 30.38-22.28 mm in fiber length, 90.40-80.80 % in fiber uniformity, 6.80-5.10 % in fiber elasticity, 35.80-15.80 g/tex in fiber strength, 179.00-107.00 in fiber spinning ability varied between the values

Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi standart pamuk çeşitlerinden sayar-314 (ghl) ile erkenci ogosta-644 (ghl) çeşidinin f1,f2 ve geri melez döl kuşaklarında verim kalite ve özellikle erkencilik kriterlerinin kalıtımı üzerine bir araştırma

TEZ3213Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1999.Kaynakça (s. 70-76) var.xiii, 76 s. ; 30 cm.

Combining Ability for Yield and Its Components in Diallel Crosses of Cotton

One of the objectives of this study was to estimate gene action and the type of inheritance of investigated traits in cotton. Another objective was to evaluate general combining ability of parents and special combining ability of F1 diallel crosses and to select the superior F1s that can be used in future breeding programs of cotton. Additive and dominant components were found significant for investigated traits. Number of bolls and lint percentages were effective in the control of additive type of gene action with partial dominance, but seed-cotton yield was also effective in the control of additive type of gene action with over-dominance. Greater parents were ‘Paum-15’ and ‘Stoneville-453’ for the number of bolls and the seed-cotton yield; ‘Stoneville-453’ and ‘Nazilli-84S’ for the lint percentage. Greater cross combinations were ‘Paum-15’ x ‘Stoneville-453’; ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Nazilli-84S’; ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Fantom’; ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Delcerro’ and ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Giza-45’ diallel crosses for the number of bolls; ‘Paum-15’ x ‘Nazilli-84S’, ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Fantom’, ‘Nazilli-84S’ x ‘Delcerro’ and ‘Nazilli-84S’ x ‘Giza-45’ diallel cross for the lint percentage, ‘Paum-15’ x ‘Stoneville-453’, ‘Paum-15’ x ‘Nazilli-84S’, ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Nazilli-84S’, ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Fantom’, ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Delcerro’, ‘Stoneville-453’ x ‘Giza-45’, ‘Nazilli-84S’ x ‘Fantom’ and ‘Nazilli-84S’ x ‘Delcerro’ diallel crosses for the seed-cotton yield

Genetic Analysis of the Percentage of the First Hand Harvested Cotton Yield in F1 Hybrids of Diallel Crosses

Özet: Bu araştırma, altı pamuk genotipi ve bunların yarım diallel melezlerinden oluşan populasyonun birinci el kütlü pamuk oranı özelliğinin genetik yapısını araştırmak amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, Paum-15, Stoneville-453, Fantom, Nazilli-84S, Delcerro ve Giza-45 genotipleri ebeveyn olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi Müdürlüğü deneme alanlarında 2010 ve 2011 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada verilerin analizi, Jinks-Hayman tipi diallel analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Jinks-Hayman diallel analiz yöntemi ile incelenen birinci el kütlü pamuk oranı özelliği üzerine hem eklemeli hem de dominant genlerin etkili olduğu; dominantlığın, eksik dominantlık düzeyinde olduğu; özelliği artırıcı allellerin, dominant olduğu; genlerin genellikle aynı yönde etkili; incelenen birinci el kütlü pamuk oranı özelliğinin yönetiminde resesif allel gen frekansının, dominant allel gen frekansından daha fazla ve eklemeli gen varyansının, dominant gen varyansından daha etkin olduğu; dar ve geniş anlamda kalıtım derecesinin yüksek olduğu (h2d=0.514, h2g=0.915); özelliğin geliştirilebilmesi için erken döl kuşaklarında yapılacak seleksiyonun başarı şansının yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.Abstract: This research was conducted in order to investigate the genetical structure of a population of six cotton genotypes and their half diallel crosses. In this study, Paum-15, Stoneville-453, Fantom, Nazilli-84S, Delcerro and Giza-45 cotton genotypes were used as parents. This study was carried out at GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center’s experiment area in 2010-2011. The experimental set up was randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were examined by Jinks-Hayman diallel analysis method. According to the results of Jinks-Hayman diallel analysis additive and dominant gene variance were found significant for the percentage of the first hand harvest trait. Presence of partial dominance in the percentage of the first harvest was occurred. Alleles enhancing the trait are dominant. Dominant genes are usually effective in the same direction. The percentage of the first harvest trait management, the frequency of recessive gene alleles is greater than the dominant allele gene frequency and variance of additive gene is more effective than variance of the dominant gene. The highest heritability for both heritability types was recorded for the percentage of the first harvest (h2n=0.514, h2b =0.915). In improving the trait selection in early generations will be more successful

Correlations between some physio-morphological formations and yield on okra and normal leaf cottons

Pamukta yaprağın şekli, büyüklülüğü, sayısı ve alanı bitkinin fotosentetik faaliyetlerini ve dolayısıyla verimliliğini etkileyen faktörlerdendir. Çalışmada, okra ve normal olmak üzere iki farklı yaprak şekline sahip dört pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) çeşidinde yaprak sayısı, ortalama tek yaprak alanı, yaprak alanı indeksi, yaprak klorofil miktarı, bitki boyu ve kütlü pamuk verimi özellikleri incelenmiştir. Okra ve normal yapraklı çeşitlerde, incelenen özelliklerin kütlü pamuk verimi ile olan ilişkileri, korelasyon analizleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Normal yapraklı çeşitler, ortalama tek yaprak alanı, yaprak alan indeksi, bitki boyu, meyve dalı sayısı ve kütlü verimi yönünden daha iyi sonuçlar vermişlerdir. En yüksek yaprak klorofil değeri, 50.54 ile Maraş 92 çeşidinden en düşük ise 46.44 ile Dicle 2000 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Kütlü pamuk verimi yönünden Maraş 92 pamuk çeşidi, 509.93 kg.da-1 ile en yüksek değere, Siokra ¼ okra yapraklı pamuk çe?idi ise 365.56 kg.da-1 ile en düşük değere sahip olmuştur. incelenen özellikler arası ilişkilerde ise, pamuk kütlü verimi ile yaprak sayısı arasında olumsuz ve önemli; yaprak alanı indeksi ile olumlu ancak önemsiz ilişkiler saptanmıştır.The leaf shape, size, area and number of leaf per plant of cotton are factors which effect seed yield via photosynthetic activity. In the study, the four cotton cultivars, two normal leaf shape and two okra leaf shape, were used as material. The number of leaf, mean of individual leaf area, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches and cotton seed yield were investigated. The coefficient correlation between cotton seed yield and all characters was analyzed. The normal leaf shape cultivars were the higher than okra leaf shape cultivars for mean of individual leaf area, leaf area index, plant height, number of sympodial branches. The highest chlorophyll content (50.54) was for Maraş 92, but Dicle 2000 had the minimum content with 46.44. Maraş 92 variety, okra leaf shape cotton cultivar, for cotton seed yield was the highest with 509.93 kg da-1, Siokra ¼ had the minimum cotton seed yield (365.56). Seed yield was pozitive correlation with leaf area index, but was negative correlation with number of leaf per plant

Determination the effect of defoliation timing on cotton yield and quality

This study was carried out for determining the effect of different application times at 40, 50, 60 and 70 % boll opening and untreated plot of the defoliant on cotton yield, earliness and technological properties in Southeast Anatolia Region conditions in Turkey. Maras 92 cotton variety was used as plant material in the experiment field of the Southeast Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute during 2000-2001. Defoliant was including thidiazuron + diuron chemical substance. The result of this study showed that ginning percentage, 100 seed weight, seed germination percentage, fiber fineness, fiber length, fiber strength, reflectance, elongation and seed cotton yield were not affected by the treatment; plant height and first picking percentage in 2001, fiber uniformity in 2000 were 5 % significantly affected. This study showed that application of defoliant didn’t affect significantly yield and technological properties of cotton and after 40 % boll opening the defoliant can be used

THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS ON SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN COTTON

High temperature is one of the abiotic stress causing morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes on plant growth and productivity. One hundred and sixty cotton genotypes obtained from genetic stocks was evaluated for high temperature tolerance based on some agronomic characters under field and controlled conditions. Genotypes showed differences for all investigated characters. Plant height, node number and HNR ranged from 68.38-136.45 cm, 18.22-30.10 number.plant-1, 2.89-6.31 (HNR) respectively. Maximum and minimum values in terms of number of sympodial branches, boll abscission at first position, number of seed and seed-cotton yield changed from 11.09-24.42 number.plant-1; 4.17%-20.80%; 20.39-44.11 number.boll-1 and 5.74-60.30 gr.plant-1 respectively. Differences among genotypes were statistically significant for all characters under high temperature stress conditions. High temperature stress was declined the cotton plant development, the decline are important for cotton breeders and cotton breeding programs on the genotypes less affected from high temperature.This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under Grant No. TOVAG-109O339

Screening for high-temperature tolerent cotton (Gossypium Spp.) by using some physio-morphological leaf treats

One hundred sixty cotton genotypes obtained from genetic stocks were evaluated for high temper- ature tolerance based on some physio-morphological leaf traits under field conditions and controlled con- dition. Genotypes showed differences for all investi- gated traits. In the study, stomal density ranged from 83.49-128.35 stomata. (mm2)-1, stomatal conduct- ance ranged from 140.77-394.90 mmol.m-2.s-1, sto- mal width ranged from 92.39-154.01 µm, stomatal rate of width/length ranged from 0.42-0.58, canopy temperature ranged from 20.24-52.00 oC, leaf area ranged from 67.50-173.05 cm2, leaf SPAD value ranged from 31.80-63.73, and leaf photosynthesis yield ranged from 12.72-33.05 µmol.m-2s-1. The re- sults showed that high temperature stress did not in- fluence stoma numbers, whereas it decreased sto- matal conductance, stomatal width, stomatal width/length, leaf area, leaf SPAD and leaf photo- synthesis yield; and that it increased canopy temper- ature values. The Fantom was determined to be tol- erant with respect to stomatal conductance trait and the Tropikal-225 genotype with respect to stoma width and width/length traits

Screening cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for heat tolerance under field conditions

Fifteen upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum L., were evaluated for heat tolerance based on agronomical and physiological characteristics under field conditions where temperature exceeded 40°C in July and August. Genotypes showed statistically significant differences for stomatal conductance, photosynthetic yield, fluorescence, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), seed cotton yield, plant height, boll weight, seed cotton weight, number of seeds per boll and 100 seed weight. In the study, relative cell injury level (RCIL), ranged from 54.56 to 79.44% and stomatal conductance ranged from 264.86 to 570.50 mol m-2s-1. Associations between investigated traits indicated that there were some positive correlations. These data indicated that photosynthetic yield, fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), cell membrane thermostability (CMT), plant height and number of bolls per plant can be used for improving seed cotton yield. However, among these measurements CMT, SPAD value and fluorescence were more practical in large breeding trials. The results showed that AGC 375 and AGC 208 cotton varieties had lower relative cell injury level (higher cell membrane thermostability) and higher seed cotton yield and photosynthetic yield than other investigated varieties