Elit futbolcularda angiotensin dönüştürücü enzim (ACE) Gen polimorfizminin, normal popülasyon ile karşılaştırılması

Sporcuların başarılarının temelinde yatan birçok faktörün var olduğu bilinmektedir. İyi antrenman, motivasyon gibi edinilen değerlerin yanında, antropometrik değerler, kişilik gibi, sporcularda varolan faktörlerin etkisi bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte "genetik özelliklerin de performansa etkisi olduğu" iddiaları gün geçtikçe daha fazla çalışma konusu olmuştur.Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar Angiotensin Dönüştürücü (Converting) Enzim (ACE) polimorfizmi ile sportif performans arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekmektedir. Sportif performasın belirleyici faktörlerinden ve kondüsyonel özelliklerden kardiovasküler dayanıklılığın I/I genotipi ve süratin D/D genotipleri ile yakın ilişkisi olabileceğine dair deliller gösterilmiştir. Bazı çalışmalarda ise bu iddiaları destekleyecek veriler elde edilememiştir.Bu çalışmada kendi yaş gruplarında üst düzey futbolcular olan 35 denekte ACE polimorfizmi belirlenmiştir. Öncelikle bulgular 100 kişilik gönüllü, sağlıklı, erkek, genel populasyonla karşılaştırılmıştır. Genomik DNA deneklerin beyaz kan hücrelerinden elde edilmiştir. ACE geninin insersion(I) ve delesyon(D) şekilleri polimorfik bölgede PCR ile çoğaltıldıktan sonra agaroz jel elektroforezi ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar ki-kare ve pearson korelasyon testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından futbolculara dayanıklılık ölçümü amacıyla laktat testi uygulanmıştır. Sıralanan bulgular genotip altgrupları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar varyans analizi ve pearson korelasyon testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir.Sonuçlara göre, denekleri ile genel populasyonun ACE genotipleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05) . Performans testleri sonucunda; genotip altgrupları ile laktat testi sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>005)Özelliği itibariyle her türlü kondüsyonel özelliği neredeyse eşit olarak gerektiren bir performans dalı olan futbolda, yetenekli sporcuların önceden tespiti açısından, ACE polimorfizmi tespiti yolu ile bir sonuç elde edebilmek, en azından şimdilik, uygun görülmemektedir. It's known that many factors create basis for the success of players. The gained qualities like well training and motivation and the antrophometric qualities like personality are important. With this qualities "the hereditory" qualities are claimed to be important and nowaday this thoughts are subject to a lot of researches.Recent studies underline the relationship between athletic performance and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) polymorphism. There are some evidence about relationship between D/D genotypes of speed and one of the determiners of athletic performance and conditional qualities; I/I genotypes of cardio vasculer endurance. However some other studies haven't found proving data.In this study ACE polymorphism is found in 35 subjects who are elite football players in their age group. Firstly, the outcome is compared with an avarage, healthy, male volunteer population consisting of 100 people.Genomic DNA is taken from the subjects' white blood cells. The insertion and deletion forms of ACE gen are multiplied in the polymorphic area with PCR and seen with agoroz gel electroforezi. The results are evaluated with ki kare and pearson correlation tests. Then the footballers are put through a lactate test to evoluate their endurance. The data found are compared with the genotype sub groups. The results are concluded with varyans analysis and pearson correlation tests.According to the results there is no significant difference between the ACE genotypes of the subjects and the avarage male population.(p>0.05) According to the results of the performance test there is no significant relationship between genotype sub groups and lactate test.(p>0.05)Because of its nature football requires all the conditional qualities nearly equal and as a consequence determining ACE polymorphism is not yet a way of determining talented athletes beforehand

DETERMINATION OF SARS-COV- 2 FREQUENCY IN TURKISH WOMEN’S FIRST FOOTBALL LEAGUE AND ASSESSING OF THE EFFECT OF BUBBLE CONCEPT ON SARS-COV- 2 TRANSMISSION

Aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all sports events, as well as the Turkish Women’s Football League. The 2019-2020 season was first ceasedthan cancelled. The league’s 2020-2021 season was played in Antalya, with the participation of 16 teams in a “bubble” tournament format, between 17 April and 5 May 2021. This study aims to investigate the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in the Turkish Women’s Football League and the effect of the “bubble” concept on person-to-person transmission. Method: To determine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in the Turkish Women’s Football League, the infection history of everyone participating in the tournament was questioned and compared with the prevalence of Covid-19 in the community. Daily symptom checks and routine reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) (48-72 hours before hotel check-in, upon arrival, and the day before matches) screening were performed to determine the potential carriage of SARS-CoV-2. To reduce the risk of person-to-person transmission, all participants were instructed to wear masks, and to follow hygiene, and social distance measures in all common areas. Follow-up of positive cases, contacts, and suspected cases was done by TFF assigned tournament doctors. The onset date and type of symptoms were recorded. The measures aplied in the stadium were according to the TFF’s “Regulation for Measures to be Taken in Competitions Due to the Covid-19 Outbreak.” Results: From 11.03.2020, when the first case was detected in Turkey, to 13.04.2021, the incidence of Covid-19 in Turkey was 4.69%.During same period it was 10.8% in women football players and 5.79% in team managers. In the pre-arrival test, Covid-19 was detected in 5.03% of women football players (19 out of 377). Of the tests performed to footballers during the “Bubble”, Covid-19 has been detected in 0.83% (3/358). Tests of 1 team manager and 2 referees, who were in the “bubble” but not in contact with players, were positive. All 6 detected cases were asymptomatic when detected. 5 cases later showed flu-like symptoms. Hospitalization was not required. It was revealed that 5 out of 6 cases had contact with a the positive case before the tournament. The case detected on the 20th day of the “bubble” remained asymptomatic. It was a recovered person from Covid-19, before the tournament. The source of transmission could not be found. Conclusion: The frequency of Covid-19 in women football players is higher than in the Turkish community. We conclude that is because football is a team sport and a contact sport. PCR scanning 48-72 hours before arrival is an important step in identifying potential SARS-CoV-2 carriers before they enter the “bubble”. No person-toperson covid-19 transmission was detected during the tournament. An athlete whose source of contamination could not be determined had no contact with other positive cases in the bubble. Being beyond the 3 months post infection, generally accepted non infective positiveness, we conclude the player to be a re-infection case. We conclude that the bubble application, which includes testing, enhanced hygiene, social distancing and daily symptom monitoring strategies, minimize the transmission of Covid 19 and ensures a safe environment for sports organizations