64 research outputs found

    The isolation and mapping of a novel hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the globe artichoke chlorogenic acid pathway

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The leaves of globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (<it>Cynara cardunculus </it>L.) have significant pharmaceutical properties, which mainly result from their high content of polyphenolic compounds such as monocaffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQ), and a range of flavonoid compounds.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HQT) encoding genes have been isolated from both globe artichoke and cultivated cardoon (GenBank accessions <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="DQ915589">DQ915589</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="gen" ext-link-id="DQ915590">DQ915590</ext-link>, respectively) using CODEHOP and PCR-RACE. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that their sequences belong to one of the major acyltransferase groups (anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase). The heterologous expression of globe artichoke HQT in <it>E. coli </it>showed that this enzyme can catalyze the esterification of quinic acid with caffeoyl-CoA or <it>p</it>-coumaroyl-CoA to generate, respectively, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and <it>p</it>-coumaroyl quinate. Real time PCR experiments demonstrated an increase in the expression level of HQT in UV-C treated leaves, and established a correlation between the synthesis of phenolic acids and protection against damage due to abiotic stress. The HQT gene, together with a gene encoding hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) previously isolated from globe artichoke, have been incorporated within the developing globe artichoke linkage maps.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A novel acyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of CGA in globe artichoke has been isolated, characterized and mapped. This is a good basis for our effort to understand the genetic basis of phenylpropanoid (PP) biosynthesis in <it>C. cardunculus</it>.</p

    Identification and characterisation of CYP75A31, a new flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase, isolated from Solanum lycopersicum

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the regulation of the flavonoid pathway is important for maximising the nutritional value of crop plants and possibly enhancing their resistance towards pathogens. The flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) enzyme functions at an important branch point between flavonol and anthocyanin synthesis, as is evident from studies in petunia (<it>Petunia hybrida</it>), and potato (<it>Solanum tuberosum</it>). The present work involves the identification and characterisation of a <it>F3'5'H </it>gene from tomato (<it>Solanum lycopersicum</it>), and the examination of its putative role in flavonoid metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cloned and sequenced tomato <it>F3'5'H </it>gene was named <it>CYP75A31</it>. The gene was inserted into the <it>pYeDP60 </it>expression vector and the corresponding protein produced in yeast for functional characterisation. Several putative substrates for F3'5'H were tested <it>in vitro </it>using enzyme assays on microsome preparations. The results showed that two hydroxylation steps occurred. Expression of the <it>CYP75A31 </it>gene was also tested <it>in vivo</it>, in various parts of the vegetative tomato plant, along with other key genes of the flavonoid pathway using real-time PCR. A clear response to nitrogen depletion was shown for <it>CYP75A31 </it>and all other genes tested. The content of rutin and kaempferol-3-rutinoside was found to increase as a response to nitrogen depletion in most parts of the plant, however the growth conditions used in this study did not lead to accumulation of anthocyanins.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>CYP75A31 </it>(NCBI accession number GQ904194), encodes a flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase, which accepts flavones, flavanones, dihydroflavonols and flavonols as substrates. The expression of the <it>CYP75A31 </it>gene was found to increase in response to nitrogen deprivation, in accordance with other genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway, as expected for a gene involved in flavonoid metabolism.</p

    Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L

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    BACKGROUND: Cynara cardunculus L. is an edible plant of pharmaceutical interest, in particular with respect to the polyphenolic content of its leaves. It includes three taxa: globe artichoke, cultivated cardoon, and wild cardoon. The dominating phenolics are the di-caffeoylquinic acids (such as cynarin), which are largely restricted to Cynara species, along with their precursor, chlorogenic acid (CGA). The scope of this study is to better understand CGA synthesis in this plant. RESULTS: A gene sequence encoding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) involved in the synthesis of CGA, was identified. Isolation of the gene sequence was achieved by using a PCR strategy with degenerated primers targeted to conserved regions of orthologous HCT sequences available. We have isolated a 717 bp cDNA which shares 84% aminoacid identity and 92% similarity with a tobacco gene responsible for the biosynthesis of CGA from p-coumaroyl-CoA and quinic acid. In silico studies revealed the globe artichoke HCT sequence clustering with one of the main acyltransferase groups (i.e. anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase). Heterologous expression of the full length HCT (GenBank accession DQ104740) cDNA in E. coli demonstrated that the recombinant enzyme efficiently synthesizes both chlorogenic acid and p-coumaroyl quinate from quinic acid and caffeoyl-CoA or p-coumaroyl-CoA, respectively, confirming its identity as a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: quinate HCT. Variable levels of HCT expression were shown among wild and cultivated forms of C. cardunculus subspecies. The level of expression was correlated with CGA content. CONCLUSION: The data support the predicted involvement of the Cynara cardunculus HCT in the biosynthesis of CGA before and/or after the hydroxylation step of hydroxycinnamoyl esters

    Impact of Temporary Nitrogen Deprivation on Tomato Leaf Phenolics

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    Reducing the use of pesticides represents a major challenge of modern agriculture. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites such as polyphenols that participate in the resistance to parasites. The aim of this study was to test: (1) the impact of nitrogen deficiency on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf composition and more particularly on two phenolic molecules (chlorogenic acid and rutin) as well as on the general plant biomass; and (2) whether this effect continued after a return to normal nitrogen nutrition. Our results showed that plants deprived of nitrogen for 10 or 19 days contained higher levels of chlorogenic acid and rutin than control plants. In addition, this difference persisted when the plants were once again cultivated on a nitrogen-rich medium. These findings offer interesting perspectives on the use of a short period of deprivation to modulate the levels of compounds of interest in a plant

    Etude de la biologie de plantes du genre Psoralea (lĂ©gumineuses), productrices de furocoumarines Ă  intĂȘrĂ©t pharmaceutique : essais de cultures in-vitro

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    Not availableNous avons Ă©tudiĂ© des plantes australiennes du genre Psoralea (lĂ©gumineuses) qui synthĂ©tisent des mĂ©tabolites secondaires du type furocoumarines (psoralĂšnes). Les expĂ©riences conduites en conditions contrĂŽlĂ©es ont permis d'obtenir un cycle de dĂ©veloppement complet, depuis la germination jusqu'a la rĂ©colte des semences, pour les trois espĂšces retenues: P. cinerea, P. plumosa et P. martinii. Nous avons pu ainsi dĂ©montrer le rĂŽle fondamental des bactĂ©ries symbiotiques (Bradyrhizobium) dans la croissance des PsoralĂ©es. L'Ă©tude de la distribution des furocoumarines dans les plantes a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence d'angĂ©licine et de psoralĂšne, qui sont principalement localisĂ©es dans les organes reproducteurs (fruits immatures et semences). Les concentrations en furocoumarines sont apparues Ă©troitement dĂ©pendantes d'un ensemble de paramĂštres reliĂ©s Ă  la plante (espĂšce, organe vĂ©gĂ©tal) ou aux facteurs du milieu (conditions de la nutrition azotĂ©e, tempĂ©rature). Les furocoumarines semblent Ă©galement jouer le rĂŽle de phytoalexines chez les PsorallĂ©es. Les essais concernant la culture in vitro ont montrĂ© que les PsoralĂ©es sont un matĂ©riel bien adaptĂ© Ă  l'obtention de cultures de cellules isolĂ©es ou de cals. L'Ă©tude de la synthĂšse des furocoumarines par des suspensions cellulaires de Psorales peut donc ĂȘtre envisagĂ©e favorablemen

    Etude de la production de furanocoumarines linéaires par des cultures in vitro de Ruta graveolens L.

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    NANCY/VANDOEUVRE-INPL (545472102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Etude de P450s impliqués dans la biosynthÚse des furocoumarines chez Ruta graveolens

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    Ruta graveolens est une plante présentant des fortes teneurs en 5-méthoxypsoralÚne (5-MOP), une furocoumarine particuliÚrement intéressante d'un point de vue médical. Nous avons choisi d'étudier les étapes enzymatiques clés de la biosynthÚse de cette molécule. Ces étapes sont catalysées par des cytochromes P450. Les travaux effectués au cours de cette thÚse ont porté sur le clonage et la caractérisation de plusieurs de ces P450s (la Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) et deux psoralÚne monooxygénases). Un ADNc complet codant pour la C4H a été isolé, et exprimé dans la levure. AprÚs avoir caractérisé l'enzyme recombinante, nous avons mis en évidence un phénomÚne d'inactivation auto-catalytique de la C4H par le psoralÚne et le 8-MOP. Nous avons par ailleurs mis en évidence que les C4Hs de R.graveolens et de P.crispum - deux plantes productrices de furocoumarines - sont moins sensibles à l'inactivation par les furocoumarines que la C4H de H.tuberosus.NANCY/VANDOEUVRE-INPL (545472102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Contribution à l'étude des P450 impliqués dans la biosynthÚse des furocoumarines

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    Les furocoumarines sont des phytoalexines offrant un potentiel thérapeutique important. Les travaux présentés ici portent sur les cytochromes P450 participant à leur voie de biosynthÚse. Une étude structure-fonction de la cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) a été réalisée pour identifier les déterminants de la faible sensibilité de la C4H de Ruta graveolens (CYP73A32) au psoralÚne. Deux régions protéiques semblent impliquées dans l inactivation différentielle entre CYP73A32 et CYP73A1. L une, entre les résidus 31 et 58, est responsable de l affinité pour le psoralÚne. L autre, entre les résidus 229 et 379, contrÎle la vitesse d inactivation. La caractérisation de nouveaux P450 de la biosynthÚse des furocoumarines a été entreprise. D une part, plusieurs ADNc partiels ont été clonés chez Ruta graveolens. D autre part, CYP71AJ1 isolé chez Ammi majus, a été caractérisé comme étant une psoralÚne synthase. La spécificité de CYP71AJ1 pour la marmésine a été approchée par l étude d un modÚle 3D. Mots clés : cytochrome P450, psoralÚne synthase, cinnamate-4-Hydroxylase, C4H, métabolite secondaire, Ruta graveolens, Ammi majus, inactivation autocatalytique, furocoumarines, psoralÚne, (+)-marmésine, Modélisation 3D, (+)-columbianetineFurocoumarins are phytoalexins known as efficient therapeutic agents. The work reported here focuses on cytochromes P450 involved in their biosynthesis pathway. A structure-function study was realized to understand how C4H from Ruta graveolens (CYP73A32) can resist to psoralen mechanism-based inactivation. Two parts of the protein seems involved in the differential susceptibility of CYP73A32 and CYP73A1 to psoralen. The first, between amino acids 31 and 58, defines differential affinity to psoralen. The second between residues 229 and 379 controls inactivation kinetic. The second part of this work was devoted to cloning and identification of new P450 involved in furocoumarin biosynthesis. On the one hand, several partial cDNA were cloned from Ruta graveolens. On the other hand, CYP71AJ1, cloned from Ammi majus, was identified as a psoralen synthase. The specificity of CYP71AJ1 for marmesin was approached by the study of a 3D model.NANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Étude de la production de furocoumarines par la Rue officinale (Ruta graveolens L.) (cultures de plantes au champ et cultures in vitro)

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    Les furocoumarines, mĂ©tabolites secondaires de plantes, prĂ©sentent un intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©conomique pour leur utilisation en dermatologie. La synthĂšse chimique des furocoumarines Ă©tant trop onĂ©reuse, leur approvisionnement doit ĂȘtre assurĂ© par des vĂ©gĂ©taux. Nos Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© conduites afin d'Ă©valuer la possibilitĂ© de produire les furocoumarines Ă  partir de Ruta. Deux types de cultures ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s : des plantes entiĂšres et des suspensions cellulaires. La production et le profil de 4 furocoumarines (psoralĂšne, xanthotoxine, isopimpinelline et bergaptĂšne) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s dans diverses conditions de cultures. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la teneur en furocoumarines chez 4 espĂšces du genre Ruta. agronomiquement, Ruta graveolens est la plus intĂ©ressante : elle produit beaucoup de matiĂšre sĂšche, a une bonne rĂ©sistance au froid et une forte teneur en furocoumarines (de 4 a 17 mg.g 1 ms dans les feuilles). Les fruits et les feuilles contiennent de 60 Ă  70% des furocoumarines de la plante. L effet de plusieurs facteurs (stade de dĂ©veloppement, coupes annuelles, densitĂ©, fertilisation azotĂ©e) ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s sur la productivitĂ© en furocoumarines. Les plantes produisent un maximum de furocoumarines au stade fructification. Les coupes annuelles amĂ©liorent la productivitĂ©. La fertilisation azotĂ©e et la densitĂ© n'ont pas eu d'effet significatif dans nos conditions. Ces essais au champ ont Ă©tĂ© conduits sur plusieurs sites et ont mis en Ă©vidence un fort effet terroir. Enfin, des suspensions cellulaires de Ruta graveolens ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es en erlen et en biorĂ©acteur. Leur teneur en furocoumarines est comprise entre 0,3 et 19 mg.g 1 ms. l'Ă©licitation par verticillium dahliae a augmentĂ© la production de furocoumarines. L immobilisation des cellules a favorisĂ© le relargage des mĂ©tabolites dans le milieu. Le profil des furocoumarines est fortement modifiĂ© par ces facteurs. Les suspensions ont une meilleure productivitĂ© que les plantes entiĂšres, mais elles ne sont pas Ă©conomiquement rentables.NANCY-INPL-Bib. Ă©lectronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Développement d'une nouvelle plateforme végétale de production de protéines recombinantes par l'utilisation des plantes carnivores du genre Nepenthes

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    METZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF
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