Non-surgical management of angular limb deformities in foals

Les aplombs du cheval correspondent à l’orientation des membres sous le corps. Le jeune poulain peut être confronté quelques jours après sa naissance ou durant sa croissance à des déviations angulaires de ces membres entrainant une mauvaise répartition des charges, une usure non homogène au niveau des articulations, des muscles et des ligaments. Ces déviations sont à l’origine de pathologies telles que l’ostéochondrose, de l’ostéo-arthrose, des tendinites ou des fractures, susceptibles d’influencer ses performances et sa carrière par la suite. Ces déviations angulaires concernent principalement les articulations du carpe, du boulet et du jarret. Lors des déviations congénitales, elles sont attribuées à l'immaturité de la structure osseuse, à une laxité des structures péri-articulaires, une croissance osseuse asynchrone ou à une déviation diaphysaire. Dans le cas des déviations acquises, la croissance osseuse disproportionnée des plaques de croissance et des centres d’ossification des épiphyses en sont les responsables. Le traitement de ces déviations, doit être précoce avant la fermeture des plaques de croissance du poulain. Divers traitements sont actuellement disponibles pour corriger ces déviations, il s’agit des mesures conservatrices, de la maréchalerie ou des interventions chirurgicales. Le but de cette mise à jour bibliographique est de recenser les différents traitements non chirurgicaux décris actuellement et de comparer leurs résultats, afin de garantir aux vétérinaires praticiens équins et aux étudiants vétérinaires la meilleure prise en charge thérapeutique de la pathologie. Mot clés: déviations angulaires, traitement, valgus, varus, poulainThe balance of the horse corresponds to the orientation of the limbs under the body. The young foal can be confronted a few days after its birth or during its growth with limb deformities causing a bad distribution of the loads, an uneven wear on the level of the joints, the muscles and the ligaments. These deviations are at the origin of pathologies such as osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, tendonitis or fractures, likely to influence his performance and his career thereafter. These deformities mainly concern the carpal, fetlock and hock joints. In congenital deviations, they are attributed to immaturity of the bone structure, laxity of the peri-articular structures, asynchronous bone growth or diaphyseal deviation. In the case of acquired deviations, the disproportionate bone growth of the growth plates and the ossification centers of the epiphyses are responsible. The treatment of these deviations must be before the closure of the foal's growth plates. Various treatments are currently available to correct these deviations, they are conservative measures, farriery or surgical interventions. The purpose of this bibliographic update is to list the various non-surgical treatments currently described and to compare their results, in order to guarantee equine veterinary practitioners and veterinary students the best therapeutic management of the pathology.Keywords: angular deviations, treatment, valgus, varus, foa

Management of a complex appendicular wound in a mare

Les plaies cutanées complexes constituent souvent un défi thérapeutique pour le praticien et une source d'inquiétude pour le propriétaire. Des soins relativement simples, une bonne observance des traitements et des grandes règles de prise en charge des plaies permettent d'obtenir des résultats très satisfaisants pour un coût acceptable. A travers l’exemple d’un cas concret, il est rappelé comment une plaie complexe doit être explorée avec minutie, largement drainée, nettoyée et débarrassée de tous corps étrangers lors de sa prise en charge. Son suivi passe par la mise en place de pansements adaptés et la gestion du tissu de granulation. Le traitement peut faire appel à des techniques chirurgicales simples de reconstruction comme la greffe en îlots. Mots clés: Plaie complexe, cheval, greffe, pinch/punch graft, hypergranulation, pansementComplex skin wounds are often a therapeutic challenge for the practitioner and a source of concern for the owner. Relatively simple care, good adherence to treatment and great rules for wound management allow very satisfactory results to be obtained with an acceptable cost. Through the example of a concrete case, it is recalled how a complex wound must be explored with meticulousness, widely drained, cleaned and cleared of all foreign bodies during its treatment. Its monitoring involves the placement of suitable dressings and the management of granulation tissue. Treatment may involve simple surgical reconstruction techniques such as islet transplantation. Keywords: Complex wound, horse, graft, pinch / punch graft, hypergranulation, dressin

An Evaluation of Three Different Primary Equine Influenza Vaccination Intervals in Foals

International audienceIn order to evaluate the effect of three different primary vaccination intervals on EI vaccine response, 21 unvaccinated thoroughbred foals were randomly divided into three groups of 7 and vaccinated with three different intervals of primary immunization (i.e., with 1, 2 or 3 months intervals between V1 and V2, respectively). The antibody response was measured for up to 1 year after the third immunization V3 (administered 6 months after V2) by single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay. All weanlings had seroconverted and exceeded the clinical protection threshold 2 weeks after V2 and 1 month after V3 until the end of the study. Significant differences were measured at the peak of immunity after V2 and for the duration of the immunity gap between V2 and V3. The group with one month primary vaccination interval had a lower immunity peak after V2 (158.05 ± 6.63 mm2) and a wider immunity gap between V2 and V3 (18 weeks) when compared with other groups (i.e., 174.72 ± 6.86 mm2 and 16 weeks for a two months interval, 221.45 ± 14.48 mm2 and 12 weeks for a 3-month interval). The advantage observed in the group with 1 month primary vaccination interval, which induces an earlier protective immunity, is counterbalance with a lower peak of immunity and a wider immunity gap after V2, when compared with foals vaccinated with 2- and 3-month intervals

An Evaluation of Three Different Primary Equine Influenza Vaccination Intervals in Foals

In order to evaluate the effect of three different primary vaccination intervals on EI vaccine response, 21 unvaccinated thoroughbred foals were randomly divided into three groups of 7 and vaccinated with three different intervals of primary immunization (i.e., with 1, 2 or 3 months intervals between V1 and V2, respectively). The antibody response was measured for up to 1 year after the third immunization V3 (administered 6 months after V2) by single radial hemolysis (SRH) assay. All weanlings had seroconverted and exceeded the clinical protection threshold 2 weeks after V2 and 1 month after V3 until the end of the study. Significant differences were measured at the peak of immunity after V2 and for the duration of the immunity gap between V2 and V3. The group with one month primary vaccination interval had a lower immunity peak after V2 (158.05 ± 6.63 mm2) and a wider immunity gap between V2 and V3 (18 weeks) when compared with other groups (i.e., 174.72 ± 6.86 mm2 and 16 weeks for a two months interval, 221.45 ± 14.48 mm2 and 12 weeks for a 3-month interval). The advantage observed in the group with 1 month primary vaccination interval, which induces an earlier protective immunity, is counterbalance with a lower peak of immunity and a wider immunity gap after V2, when compared with foals vaccinated with 2- and 3-month intervals