Physical characteristics of soybean cultivated under the conditions of integrated agrosystems.

Abstract: Integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems involve intercropping of various crops to achieve beneficial and synergistic outcomes, enhancing both economic viability and environmental sustainability. Considering the complexity of integrated agrosystems and the economic importance of soybean production in Brazil, we aimed to investigate the effects of two ICLF systems on the physical characteristics and quality of soybeans produced. The treatments comprised plots (two ha) with either single-row (ICLFS) or triple-row (ICLFT), tree configurations intercropped with soybean (maize and forage grass), and control plots (one ha), whose crops were cultivated under full sunlight (CFS). Soybeans were harvested from plants located at 3, 6, 10 and 15 m from tree bands in the north and south faces of the ICLF systems and at random positions in the CFS plots. The moisture content, electrical conductivity of the exudate solution, hue angle and chroma index of grains harvested from ICLFS and ICLFT were similar to those of CFS-grown soybeans. However, the mass of 1000 grains and the bulk density values of ICLF-grown soybeans were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of grains harvested from CFS plots. We conclude that the quality of soybean seeds was not negatively affected by the conditions prevailing in the ICLF systems. Moreover, it appears that the forest component contributed positively to the ecosystem by providing a favorable microclimate for the development of soybean grains

Castanha-do-brasil: boas práticas na coleta e pós-coleta da castanha-do-brasil em Mato Grosso.

A castanha-do-brasil, também conhecida como castanha-do-pará ou castanha-da-amazônia, é uma amêndoa coletada da castanheira. Os frutos são conhecidos como ouriços, podem pesar até 1,5 kg e conter, aproximadamente, 25 sementes ricas em vitaminas, lipídios e proteínas. A safra da castanha ocorre anualmente, durante o período chuvoso (outubro a abril), quando se dá a queda dos frutos. O contato dos frutos com o solo e a presença de umidade contribuem para a contaminação por fungos produtores de micotoxinas indesejadas nas castanhas. Entre essas toxinas, a aflatoxina é a mais comum e seu consumo pode causar diversos problemas de saúde, entre eles o câncer.bitstream/item/201404/1/2019-cpamt-silvia-boetelho-castanha-boas-praticas.pd

Vortex-Antivortex Lattice in Ultra-Cold Fermi Gases

We discuss ultra-cold Fermi gases in two dimensions, which could be realized in a strongly confining one-dimensional optical lattice. We obtain the temperature versus effective interaction phase diagram for an s-wave superfluid and show that, below a certain critical temperature T_c, spontaneous vortex-antivortex pairs appear for all coupling strengths. In addition, we show that the evolution from weak to strong coupling is smooth, and that the system forms a square vortex-antivortex lattice at a lower critical temperature T_M.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letter

Amostragem de solo para análise química.

Publicado também como folder (FD 00709).bitstream/item/27662/1/com.tec.131.pdfDisponível também on-line

Qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidos em mato grosso.

PT-BR: O maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims) é a espécie mais cultivada entre os maracujazeiros no Brasil, devido a sua importância para consumo in natura ou como suco. O estado de Mato Grosso tem condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à cultura, porém com pouca tradição e resultados quanto ao cultivo do maracujazeiro. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de cultivares de maracujazeiro-amarelo produzidos no estado de Mato Grosso. Foram utilizadas cinco cultivares comerciais, em experimento conduzido nos municípios de Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres e Tangará da Serra. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 × 5, com quatro blocos e dez plantas por parcela, para avaliação das seis centrais. Foram avaliados 10 frutos de cada genótipo, de cada bloco, em cada município. As análises físico-químicas consistiram em determinação do comprimento, diâmetro, espessura de casca, massa do fruto, massa da casca, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, ratio e vitamina C dos frutos. | EN: The yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is the most cultivated species among passion fruit in Brazil, due to its importance for consumption in natura or as juice. The state of Mato Grosso has favorable soil and climatic conditions, but with little tradition and results regarding the cultivation of passion fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest quality of fruits of yellow passion fruit cultivars produced in the state of Mato Grosso. Five commercial cultivars were used in an experiment conducted in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte, Cáceres and Tangará da Serra. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications and ten plants per plot, to evaluate the six plants. Ten fruits of each genotype were evaluated, from each block in each municipality. The physico-chemical analysis consisted of determination of the length, diameter, bark thickness, fruit mass, bark mass, total soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, fruit ratio and vitamin C

Characterization of acerola byproduct flour during storage in different packaging.

Considering the nutritional richness, the presence of bioactive compounds and the potential for the processing and utilization of acerola by-products, the objective was to evaluate the physico-chemical transformations that occur during the storage of a flour obtained from the industrial byproduct of acerola in different types of packaging.The flour was produced by drying the by-product in an oven with air circulation at 65 ° C, crushed, sieved (16 mesh) and stored for up to 180 days in the following packages: vacuum bag (VAC), ethylene polytetraphthalate PET), polystyrene (PLT) pots and polypropylene (PP) pots and analyzed every 45 days.The parameters of pH, moisture, water activity (Aqualab), acidity in citric acid, glucose reducing sugars, color (L* Chroma and Hue), ascorbic acid (Tillmans method), anthocyanins, flavonoids, total phenols (Folin-Ciocalteau) and antioxidant potential (DPPH) were determined, whose results at time 0 were 3.56; 10.55 g 100g; 0.39; 5.36 g 100g-1; 24.63 g 100g-1; 36.60; 26.85; 63.76; 964.80 mg 100g-1; 15.66 mg 100g-1; 149.30 mg 100g-1; 1319.55 mg 100g- 1; 252.40 μg mL-1 (EC-50), respectively. There was significant interaction for storage period x packaging in most variables except pH, potential antioxidants and Chroma that were influenced only by storage time. In general, most of the packaging treatments presented a linear and gradual increase of humidity (66.16%) and a gradual and linear decrease in the values of L* (-4.78%) and sugar content in glucose (-11.73%) and anthocyanins (-39.85%) at the end of storage, however, these effects were generally reduced in vacuum packaging, since this packaging provides a physical barrier between product and environment, reducing the exchange of gases and vapors between the two environments, allowing the reduction of enzyme activity and oxidation of the substrate.Resumo 112414

Influence of packaging on the quality of Brazil nuts.

EN-US: The Brazil nut is an important commodity that grows in the Amazon rainforest and is notable for its high nutritional value. However, the effect that packaging has on product shelf-life is unclear. This study evaluated the microbiological and nutritional quality of unshelled Brazil nuts packed in (a) nylon and polypropylene under vacuum, and (b) in polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene aluminized films. The nuts were stored for nine months under natural environmental conditions. The most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, and counting of molds and yeast were determined in the unshelled nuts shortly after collection and every three months during storage. Moisture, lipids, ash, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents were measured by the gravimetric method. Crude protein content was measured using the Kjeldahl method. Coliform levels were within legislated standards in both types of packaging. Mold and yeast growth increased with time in both types of packaging (0.1x10¹ to 9.5x10³ colony forming units g-1), but only nuts packaged in aluminum film showed a significant increase after six months of storage. After nine months of storage, both types of packaged nuts had good nutritional quality. Aluminized packaging resulted in better conservation of the lipid fraction and lower permeability to water vapor, however, vacuum packaging was more effective in controlling fungal growth, possibly due to the lack of oxygen. | PT-BR: As castanhas-do-brasil são um importante produto da floresta amazônica e destacam-se pelo seu alto valor nutricional. Contudo, os efeitos da embalagem sobre a vida de prateleira das castanhas não estão completamente esclarecidos. Sendo assim, neste estudo, avaliou-se a qualidade microbiológica e nutricional de castanhas-do-brasil descascadas, embaladas em (a) nylon mais polipropileno a vácuo e (b) filmes aluminizados de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e polietileno (PE). As castanhas foram armazenadas por um período de nove meses, sob condições ambientais naturais. Logo após a coleta, e a cada três meses, foram determinados nas castanhas o número mais provável de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e Escherichia coli, e contagem total de bolores e leveduras. Também foram medidos os teores de umidade, lipídeos, cinzas, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido por métodos gravimétricos, e os teores de proteína bruta por meio do método de Kjeldahl. Os níveis de coliformes termotolerantes estiveram dentro dos padrões da legislação nos dois tipos de embalagem. A incidência de bolores e leveduras aumentou ao longo do tempo nas duas embalagens (de 0,1x10¹ a 9,5x10³ unidades formadoras de colônia; UFC g-1), porém somente a embalagem aluminizada apresentou aumento significativo após seis meses de armazenamento. Após nove meses, as castanhas nas duas embalagens apresentaram boa qualidade nutricional, porém a embalagem aluminizada apresentou melhor conservação da fração lipídica e menor permeabilidade a vapores de água. Contudo, a embalagem a vácuo foi mais eficiente no controle do crescimento de fungos, possivelmente devido à ausência de oxigênio