Transducteur adapté à la génération de forces en fonction de la vitesse d'écoulement d'un fluide

L’invention concerne un dispositif détecteur d’une vitesse seuil de déplacement d’un fluide, le dispositif détecteur comprenant un transducteur et configuré pour exercer une première force non nulle dans une première direction lorsque la vitesse du fluide est inférieure à la vitesse seuil et pour exercer une seconde force non nulle dans une seconde direction lorsque la vitesse du fluide est supérieure à la vitesse seuil , la première et la seconde direction étant identiques ou sensiblement identiques et la première et la deuxième force étant dirigées dans des sens opposés

Dynamic Behaviour of a Flexible Yacht Sail Plan

• Dynamic fluid structure interaction of a sail plan is modeled in harmonic pitching • Aerodynamic forces oscillations show hysteresis phenomena • Neglecting the structural deformation underestimates the forces oscillations • Both aerodynamic and structure inertia affect loads in the rig.A numerical investigation of the dynamic Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of a yacht sail plan submitted to harmonic pitching is presented to address both issues of aerodynamic unsteadiness and structural deformation. The FSI model | Vortex Lattice Method uid model and Finite Element structure model | has been validated with full-scale measurements. It is shown that the dynamic behaviour of a sail plan subject to yacht motion clearly deviates from the quasi-steady theory. The aerodynamic forces presented as a function of the instantaneous apparent wind angle show hysteresis loops, suggesting that some energy is exchanged by the system. The area included in the hysteresis loop increases with the motion reduced frequency and amplitude. Comparison of rigid versus soft structures shows that FSI increases the energy exchanged by the system and that the oscillations of aerodynamic forces are underestimated when the structure deformation is not considered. Dynamic loads in the fore and aft rigging wires are dominated by structural and inertial effects. This FSI model and the obtained results may be useful firstly for yacht design, and also in the field of auxiliary wind assisted ship propulsion, or to investigate other marine soft structures.This work was supported by the French Naval Academy

Nonlinear disturbance evolution in a two-dimensional boundary layer along an elastic plate and induced radiated sound

The interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill’s equation in terms of a Green’s function in the wavenumber-frequency space. Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumptionsThe authors gratefully acknowledge Thales Underwater Systems and DCNS for their financial support to this work

Transducteur adapté à la génération de forces en fonction de la vitesse d'écoulement d'un fluide

L’invention concerne un dispositif détecteur d’une vitesse seuil de déplacement d’un fluide, le dispositif détecteur comprenant un transducteur et configuré pour exercer une première force non nulle dans une première direction lorsque la vitesse du fluide est inférieure à la vitesse seuil et pour exercer une seconde force non nulle dans une seconde direction lorsque la vitesse du fluide est supérieure à la vitesse seuil , la première et la seconde direction étant identiques ou sensiblement identiques et la première et la deuxième force étant dirigées dans des sens opposés

Experimental validation of unsteady models for wind / sails / rigging fluid structure interaction

The aim of this paper is to present the work of experimental validation elements of the aero elastic and unsteady model ARAVANTI. Numerical and Experimental results comparison is made on the rigging and sails of a J80 sail boat. Yacht modelling demands to consider unsteady phenomena resulting from the sea state, variations of wind speed and direction, yacht motion or trimming by the crew. A dedicated instrumentation is developed to measure the loads in shrouds and tension points of the sail, the apparent wind, the yacht motion, the sails flying shape and the navigation data. A special effort is made on sensors calibration, physical measurement comprehension and data synchronisation. Comparison with numerical results shows that the loads and flying shapes are well predicted by the model

Experimental validation of unsteady models for wind / sails / rigging fluid structure interaction

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to present the work of experimental validation elements of the aero elastic and unsteady model ARAVANTI. Numerical and Experimental results comparison is made on the rigging and sails of a J80 sail boat. Yacht modelling demands to consider unsteady phenomena resulting from the sea state, variations of wind speed and direction, yacht motion or trimming by the crew. A dedicated instrumentation is developed to measure the loads in shrouds and tension points of the sail, the apparent wind, the yacht motion, the sails flying shape and the navigation data. A special effort is made on sensors calibration, physical measurement comprehension and data synchronisation. Comparison with numerical results shows that the loads and flying shapes are well predicted by the model

Nonlinear disturbance evolution in a boundary layer along an elastic plate and induced radiated sound

The interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill’s equation in terms of a Green’s function in the wavenumber-frequency space.Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumptionsInternational audienceThe interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill’s equation in terms of a Green’s function in the wavenumber-frequency space.Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumption

Fluid Structure Interaction of Yacht Sails in the Unsteady Regime

The dynamic Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) of yacht sails submitted to a harmonic pitching motion is numerically investigated to address both issues of aerodynamic unsteadiness and structural deformation. The model consists in an implicit dynamic coupling algorithm between a Vortex Lattice Method model for the aerodynamics and a Finite Element Method model for the structure dynamics. It is shown that the dynamic behaviour of a sail plan subject to yacht motion clearly deviates from the quasi-steady theory. The aerodynamic forces oscillate with phase shifts with respect to the motion. This results in hysteresis phenomena, which show aerodynamic equivalent damping and stiffening effects of the unsteady behaviour. The area of the hysteresis loop corresponds to the amount of energy exchanged by the system and increases with the motion reduced frequency and amplitude. In the case of a rigid structure, the aerodynamic forces oscillations and the exchanged energy are lower than for a flexible structure

Boundary Element Method Analysis of 3D Effects and Free-Surface Proximity on Hydrofoil Lift and Drag Coefficients in Varied Operating Conditions

The use of hydrofoils to enhance ship performance raises the scientific issue of free-surface proximity, which is important to consider during the design stage, to feed velocity prediction programs, for instance. Typically, the flow over a shallowly submerged hydrofoil is characterized by the Froude number, the submergence depth-to-chord ratio, the angle of attack, and geometric parameters of the lifting surface. Among these parameters, the present paper investigates the influence of the wing aspect ratio on the lift and drag coefficients of hydrofoils operating near a free surface. For this purpose, rectangular wings with an H105 profile at 2° angle of attack and aspect ratios ranging from 4 to 20 are systematically analyzed using a 3D boundary element method. The free surface is modeled using a linearized Neumann-Kelvin boundary condition. Chord-based Froude numbers of 0.5, 1.1, and 6.3 are studied. The submersion depth is swept between 0.1 and 30 times the foil chord length. The evolution of the normalized lift and drag coefficients with respect to the foil submersion and the aspect ratio is discussed in detail. Flow velocity is shown to play a significant role in the evolution of the lift and drag coefficients with submersion depth, close to the free surface, for all the aspect ratios. Its influence gets reduced by moving away from the free surface. The critical submersion depth, where the free-surface effects cease, is found to increase with higher flow velocity and aspect ratio. Furthermore, both positive and negative correlations between the force coefficients and the aspect ratio are identified, depending on the operating conditions. It is found that when the proximity to the free surface either enhances or impairs a force coefficient relative to its value in unbounded flow, increasing the aspect ratio amplifies this effect. Overall, this study confirms the effectiveness of steady boundary element methods for simulating the flow around hydrofoil wings in the vicinity of a free surface and contributes to further understanding the influence of geometric parameters on hydrofoil performance

Sail trimming FSI simulation - Comparison of viscous and inviscid flow models to optimise upwind sails trim

A numerical comparison between two FSI models, based on inviscid and viscous flow solvers, is presented in this paper. The differences between aerodynamic coefficients, sail flying shape and pressures computed by both FSI tools are investigated for medium wind conditions. These differences are evaluated for different values of the main sheet length. The study has shown very close results when the main sheet is not over trimmed for medium true wind speed, but discrepancies increase when flow separation becomes significant. Then, an optimisation procedure based on inviscid FSI is performed to optimise the main sheet and car trims, in order to maximise an objective function based on the driving and side forces, in a case of low true wind speed. Limitations of the inviscid flow hypothesis are highlighted and the difficulties to use inviscid FSI models in an optimisation procedure, for a case of low true wind speed, are shown