Factors associated with early weaning

To identify the factors that influenced early weaning and its incidence among children from six months old in five public hospitals of two states - Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. Material and Methods: The sample (N = 104) was of convenience type composed of mothers of six-month-old infants from five public hospitals. Mothers answered a personal interview by phone when the child was six months old. Data analysis was performed by the association between the dependent variable, early weaning, and independents variables, maternal age, mother's marital status, education and job, family income, maternal belief about the amount of milk produced to be or not enough to feed her baby and breastfeeding interruption reason, through the chi-square test in SPSS software version 17.0 (p<0.05). Results: Among the relationships found, only maternal belief in milk failure was significantly associated with early weaning (p <0.001). Most mothers who did not perform early weaning believed they had satisfactory amount of milk (66.7%). The general weaning rate was ≅ 30%. Conclusion: Early weaning was related to maternal belief that the amount of milk was insufficient to meet the needs of the newborn and its incidence was high in the study population16149149

Senso de coerência materno: relação com saúde bucal de pré-escolares

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T00:02:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_mestrado_karina_bonanato_teixeira.pdf: 1530136 bytes, checksum: 7875c43f0c2b11b0835c9082a2506825 (MD5) Previous issue date: 29A teoria salutogênica propõe que a saúde é o resultado da capacidade adaptativa do ser humano ao stress, chamada de Senso de Coerência (SOC), que pode ser mensurado através de questionários validados. Um destes questionários (SOC-13) foi validado para a língua portuguesa em estudo anterior, mas uma nova adaptação mostrou-se necessária para a população deste trabalho. Desta forma, o primeiro objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural e os testes psicométricos para que o SOC-13 possa ser aplicado em mães de crianças pré-escolares de diferentes níveis sociais, na cidade de Belo Horizonte. O segundo objetivo foi verificar a relação entre o SOC materno e a saúde bucal de crianças de cinco anos de idade, em estudo transversal e representativo da cidade de Belo Horizonte. O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa da UFMG (ETIC 109/05), dasSecretarias de Educação e da diretoria das escolas. Os pais assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A amostragem para as seis primeiras etapas da adequação do SOC-13 foi selecionada por conveniência. A adaptação transcultural consistiu da modificação de algumas palavras e da ordem das perguntas, da redução do número derespostas, da inserção de explicações para as respostas e da inversão de escores. A confiabilidade teste-reteste da escala adaptada, analisada através do índice Kappa ponderado, apresentou valores médios de 49,5%. A consistência interna aumentou de 0,67 com a escalaoriginal para 0,71 com a escala adaptada. A seguir, foram realizados o cálculo amostral e o sorteio aleatório das crianças de cinco anos matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Belo Horizonte, estratificadas por regional administrativa. A taxa de retorno dos questionários foi de 87,2%. A amostra foi composta por 546 mães e suas respectivas crianças. O valor da consistência interna nesta última etapa atingiu 0,80. A correlação de Spearman mostrou que todas as perguntas apresentaram correlação com os escores totais de SOC. Para a classificação social da amostra, foi utilizado o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS). O índice cpo-d das crianças foi obtido por duas examinadoras previamente calibradas (Kappa entre 0,81 e 1,0). Além deste indicador, a presença de dentes com exposição pulpar, de restos radiculares, de placa visível, de gengivite e de tártaro foi também anotada. Os dados foram analisados através dos testes estatísticos univariados, bivariados e multivariados pelos programas estatísticos SPSS.10 e Excel for Windows XP, adotando-se o nível de significânciaem 0,05. Os testes multivariados mostraram que filhos de mães com baixo SOC apresentaram praticamente o dobro de chance de ter cárie dentária (Odds=1,59), cárie com comprometimento pulpar (Odds=1,99) e dentes obturados (Odds=1,85), independentemente 13 de sua classificação social ou do gênero da criança. Desta forma, o presente estudo comprova a que a escala apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas e que o SOC materno mostrou associação com a saúde bucal de crianças de cinco anos de idade.Salutogenic theory proposes that health is the result of adaptative competence for stress by human being, called Sense of Coherence (SOC). Its measuring can be done through tested and validated questionnaires. One of these questionnaires (SOC-13) was validated to Portuguese language in a previous study, but it required a new adaptation to be applied in the subjects of this research. Because of this, the first objective of the present study was to perform the transcultural adaptation and the psychometric tests necessary to prove the applicability of SOC-13 to mothers of preschool children from different social classes, in Belo Horizonte city. The second objective was to analyze the relationship between mothers SOC and the oral health of five-year-old children in a cross-sectional and representative study. The study wasapproved by the UFMG Ethics Committee (ETIC 109/05) and the participating institutions.Informed consent was obtained from each mother selected. For the first six stages of the SOC- 13 adequacy, samples were selected for convenience. Transcultural adaptation consisted of rewording items, changes in questions order, the usage of five rather than seven alternatives, the insertion of middle anchoring phrases and scores inversion. Test-retest reliability for the modified scale was accessed through the weightened Kappa and presented medium values of49.5%. Internal consistency improves from 0.67 for the original scale to 0.71 for the adapted one. After this, sample size was calculated and the five-year-old-children were selected by simple random drawing by lot from public and private preschools in Belo Horizonte city. A total of 87.2% of the respondents completed the questionnaires. Final sample consisted of 546 mothers and their children. Internal consistency for this last stage ranged 0.80. The Spearman correlation showed that questions all together were correlated with total SOC scores. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used for the sample social classification. Childrens dmf-t index were accessed by two calibrated examiners (Kappa between 0.81 and 1.0). Besides this index, the presence of dental pulp exposure due to caries, root fragment, visible plaque, gingivitis and calculus were notified. The SPSS program and Excel for Windows XPwere used in data analysis. Simple and multiple logistic regression were carried out and significance level adopted was 0.05. Multiple logistic regression revealed that mothers with a lower SOC had a 1.59 greater chance of their children exhibiting dental caries; a 1.99 times greater chance of their children exhibiting dental pulp exposure due to caries; and a 1.85 times greater likelihood of their children having filled teeth, independently child gender or their social class. This study supports that the SOC scale presents adequate psychometric propertiesand that the oral heath of five-year-old children is associated with their mothers SOC