Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation and the newer anticoagulants

No Abstract.S Afr Fam Pract 2012;54(5):418-41

Hypertension, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation and the newer anticoagulants

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical condition that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality that mainly relates to an embolic stroke. Dominant risk factors for AF are advanced age and hypertension in the absence of mitral valve disease.1 In turn, hypertension and ageing are determinants of the congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack or thromboembolism (CHADS2) criteria for assessing the indication for anticoagulation. In addition, they are important risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In itself, CKD is an independent risk factor for AF and a higher risk of stroke.2 It is highly likely that a practitioner will encounter older patients with AF and concomitant hypertension and CKD that require anticoagulation therapy. Thus, it is essential for the practitioner to understand the risks and benefits of anticoagulation in older patients with AF, hypertension and CKD

Western in the 1980\u27s

When one is asked to write on the development of one\u27s faculty over a decade, the most difficult part of the task is simply to determine where to begin. After some thought, I came to the conclusion that the most appropriate starting point is the statement of the objective that appears in the Dean\u27s Message contained in our Calendar. We state that our objective is to offer students a liberal education through the critical study of legal and related materials in preparation for the private practice of law, for government service and for kindred vocations. In short, we wish to provide an educational setting that emphasizes learning about law, rather than simply learning the law. This statement will be the focal point of this article

Ropewick for Cape Tulip Control, boomsprays, saffron, patersons curse control

Ropewick for Cape Tulip Control - 82N043. Controlled Droplet Applicator (C.D.A.) versus conventional boomspray - 83WH51, 83WH52, 83WH41, 83LG38, 83LG39, 83N28, 83N49, 83N043, 83ME55. Saffron control in pasture - 83GE37. Saffron control in lupins - 83GE38. Patersons curse control in an oat hay crop – 83NR4. Patersons curse control in an oat hay crop – 83NR5. Patersons curse control along roadsides – 83GE39

Summary of experimental results.

81GE22. 81GE28, soursob control. 81N056, in cereals. 81N057. 82LG34, chemical x water volumes (broadleaved weeds). 82LG36, hoegrass, rate x volume (ryegrass). 82N039, crop damage in wheel tracks x spraying. 82N043, ropewick for cape tulip control. 82NR3, patersons curse control in hay crops. 82NR8, patersons curse control in hay crops. 82N055, hoegrass, rate x volume (wild oats). 82N056, chemical x volume (broadleaved weeds). Demonstration, soursob control in cereals. 82ME44, matricaria control in cereals. 82ME57, crop damage in wheel tracks x spraying. 82ME59, chemical x volume (broadleaved weeds). 82ME60, hoegrass, rate x volume (ryegrass). 82ME81, matricaria control in pastures. 82ME86, cereal tolerance weed free site. 82ME89, volume x speed of spraying

Architecture in Queensland

No abstract availabl

Control of peas and lupins in oats

Trial 87A30 All lupin treatments satisfactory. Treaments 4, 8 and 9, ie Dicamba 500 ml and both treatments with diuron + 2,4-D amine would not control peas sufficiently to prevent rejection of line of oats. Peas are more difficult to control

The abridged South African hypertension guideline 2011

Extensive data from randomised controlled trials have shown the benefit of treating hypertension. The target blood pressure (BP) for antihypertensive management is < 140/90 mmHg, and < 130/80 mmHg in patients with end-organ damage, coexisting risk factors, and co-morbidity. Benefits of management include reduced risk of death, stroke, cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease, and coronary heart disease. The correct BP measurement procedure is described, and evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors and recommendations for antihypertensive therapy, are stipulated. Lifestyle modification and patient education are cornerstones in the management of every patient. Major indications, precautions, and contraindications to each recommended antihypertensive drug are listed. Combination therapy should be considered ab initio if the BP is ≥ 20/10 mmHg above goal. First-line drug therapy for uncomplicated essential hypertension includes low-dose thiazide-like diuretics, calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin-receptor blockers. The guideline was developed by the Southern African Hypertension Society

Capeweed control in cereals.

Capeweed control in cereals pre-sowing control, 86WH58. Capeweed control in cereals post-emergence control, 86WH59. Capeweed control in cereals post-emergence control with Reglone®, 86WH69. Capeweed control in cereals post-emergence control with various products, 86WH70. Capeweed control in cereals post-emergence control with mixtures, 86WH74. Lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) control along roadsides, 86WH75. Chemical control of Four o\u27Clock (Oxalis purpurea) in cereals, 86N0110. Hoegrass, different rates with oils or wetting agent for wild oat control in cereals, 86N0118. Chemicals x depth of blade plowing to control couch, 86N010. Chemical x cultural control of couch (long-term), 85N092. Chemical control of couch prior to cereal establishment, 86N0117. Brome Grass control in lupins {Spray trajectory x pressure x droplet size), 86C93. Brome Grass control in lupins (Spray trajectory x pressure x volume of spraying x droplet size), 86C94. Brome Grass control in lupins (Spray trajectory x pressure x droplet size x wetting agent or oils), 86C95. Control of Onion weed (Asphodelus fistulosa) in pasture, 86GE54. Control of Saffron Thistle (Carthamus lanatus) in lupins, 86GE58. Saffron Thistle control seed set applications, 86JE80. Saffron Thistle control grazing experiments comparing sheep and goats, 85TS27. Vegetation management along the vermin fence in the Yilgarn, see 15 page report to Agriculture Protection Board (Nov. 1986), 85ME63-72, 91