104 research outputs found
Collective phenomena in quasi-two-dimensional fermionic polar molecules: band renormalization and excitons
We theoretically analyze a quasi-two-dimensional system of fermionic polar
molecules in a harmonic transverse confining potential. The renormalized energy
bands are calculated by solving the Hartree-Fock equation numerically for
various trap and dipolar interaction strengths. The inter-subband excitations
of the system are studied in the conserving time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF)
approximation from the perspective of lattice modulation spectroscopy
experiments. We find that the excitation spectrum consists of both
inter-subband particle-hole excitation continuums and anti-bound excitons,
arising from the anisotropic nature of dipolar interactions. The excitonic
modes capture the majority of the spectral weight. We also evaluate the
inter-subband transition rates in order to investigate the nature of the
excitonic modes and find that they are anti-bound states formed from
particle-hole excitations arising from several subbands. Our results indicate
that the excitonic effects are present for interaction strengths and
temperatures accessible in current experiments with polar molecules.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
System size scaling of topological defect creation in a second-order dynamical quantum phase transition
We investigate the system size scaling of the net defect number created by a
rapid quench in a second-order quantum phase transition from an O(N) symmetric
state to a phase of broken symmetry. Using a controlled mean-field expansion
for large N, we find that the net defect number variance in convex volumina
scales like the surface area of the sample for short-range correlations. This
behaviour follows generally from spatial and internal symmetries. Conversely,
if spatial isotropy is broken, e.g., by a lattice, and in addition long-range
periodic correlations develop in the broken-symmetry phase, we get the rather
counterintuitive result that the scaling strongly depends on the dimension
being even or odd: For even dimensions, the net defect number variance scales
like the surface area squared, with a prefactor oscillating with the system
size, while for odd dimensions, it essentially vanishes.Comment: 20 pages of IOP style, 6 figures; as published in New Journal of
Physic
Spin Drag in Ultracold Fermi Mixtures with Repulsive Interactions
We calculate the spin-drag relaxation rate for a two-component ultracold
atomic Fermi gas with positive scattering length between the two spin
components. In one dimension we find that it vanishes linearly with
temperature. In three dimensions the spin-drag relaxation rate vanishes
quadratically with temperature for sufficiently weak interactions. This
quadratic temperature dependence is present, up to logarithmic corrections, in
the two-dimensional case as well. For stronger interaction the system exhibits
a Stoner ferromagnetic phase transition in two and three dimensions. We show
that the spin-drag relaxation rate is enhanced by spin fluctuations as the
temperature approaches the critical temperature of this transition from above.Comment: Submitted to New Journal of Physics Focus Issue "Strongly Correlated
Quantum Fluids: From Ultracold Quantum Gases to QCD Plasmas
Thermodynamics of Dipolar Chain Systems
The thermodynamics of a quantum system of layers containing perpendicularly
oriented dipolar molecules is studied within an oscillator approximation for
both bosonic and fermionic species. The system is assumed to be built from
chains with one molecule in each layer. We consider the effects of the
intralayer repulsion and quantum statistical requirements in systems with more
than one chain. Specifically, we consider the case of two chains and solve the
problem analytically within the harmonic Hamiltonian approach which is accurate
for large dipole moments. The case of three chains is calculated numerically.
Our findings indicate that thermodynamic observables, such as the heat
capacity, can be used to probe the signatures of the intralayer interaction
between chains. This should be relevant for near future experiments on polar
molecules with strong dipole moments.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, final versio
Bound Chains of Tilted Dipoles in Layered Systems
Ultracold polar molecules in multilayered systems have been experimentally
realized very recently. While experiments study these systems almost
exclusively through their chemical reactivity, the outlook for creating and
manipulating exotic few- and many-body physics in dipolar systems is
fascinating. Here we concentrate on few-body states in a multilayered setup. We
exploit the geometry of the interlayer potential to calculate the two- and
three-body chains with one molecule in each layer. The focus is on dipoles that
are aligned at some angle with respect to the layer planes by means of an
external eletric field. The binding energy and the spatial structure of the
bound states are studied in several different ways using analytical approaches.
The results are compared to stochastic variational calculations and very good
agreement is found. We conclude that approximations based on harmonic
oscillator potentials are accurate even for tilted dipoles when the geometry of
the potential landscape is taken into account.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Few-body Systems special issue on
Critical Stability, revised versio
Dimers, Effective Interactions, and Pauli Blocking Effects in a Bilayer of Cold Fermionic Polar Molecules
We consider a bilayer setup with two parallel planes of cold fermionic polar
molecules when the dipole moments are oriented perpendicular to the planes. The
binding energy of two-body states with one polar molecule in each layer is
determined and compared to various analytic approximation schemes in both
coordinate- and momentum-space. The effective interaction of two bound dimers
is obtained by integrating out the internal dimer bound state wave function and
its robustness under analytical approximations is studied. Furthermore, we
consider the effect of the background of other fermions on the dimer state
through Pauli blocking, and discuss implications for the zero-temperature
many-body phase diagram of this experimentally realizable system.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted versio
Intrinsic Stability of Temporally Shifted Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity
Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), a widespread synaptic modification mechanism, is sensitive to correlations between presynaptic spike trains and it generates competition among synapses. However, STDP has an inherent instability because strong synapses are more likely to be strengthened than weak ones, causing them to grow in strength until some biophysical limit is reached. Through simulations and analytic calculations, we show that a small temporal shift in the STDP window that causes synchronous, or nearly synchronous, pre- and postsynaptic action potentials to induce long-term depression can stabilize synaptic strengths. Shifted STDP also stabilizes the postsynaptic firing rate and can implement both Hebbian and anti-Hebbian forms of competitive synaptic plasticity. Interestingly, the overall level of inhibition determines whether plasticity is Hebbian or anti-Hebbian. Even a random symmetric jitter of a few milliseconds in the STDP window can stabilize synaptic strengths while retaining these features. The same results hold for a shifted version of the more recent “triplet” model of STDP. Our results indicate that the detailed shape of the STDP window function near the transition from depression to potentiation is of the utmost importance in determining the consequences of STDP, suggesting that this region warrants further experimental study
Transcriptional and Cellular Diversity of the Human Heart
Background: The human heart requires a complex ensemble of specialized cell types to perform its essential function. A greater knowledge of the intricate cellular milieu of the heart is critical to increase our understanding of cardiac homeostasis and pathology. As recent advances in low-input RNA sequencing have allowed definitions of cellular transcriptomes at single-cell resolution at scale, we have applied these approaches to assess the cellular and transcriptional diversity of the nonfailing human heart. Methods: Microfluidic encapsulation and barcoding was used to perform single nuclear RNA sequencing with samples from 7 human donors, selected for their absence of overt cardiac disease. Individual nuclear transcriptomes were then clustered based on transcriptional profiles of highly variable genes. These clusters were used as the basis for between-chamber and between-sex differential gene expression analyses and intersection with genetic and pharmacologic data. Results: We sequenced the transcriptomes of 287 269 single cardiac nuclei, revealing 9 major cell types and 20 subclusters of cell types within the human heart. Cellular subclasses include 2 distinct groups of resident macrophages, 4 endothelial subtypes, and 2 fibroblast subsets. Comparisons of cellular transcriptomes by cardiac chamber or sex reveal diversity not only in cardiomyocyte transcriptional programs but also in subtypes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and vascularization. Using genetic association data, we identified strong enrichment for the role of cell subtypes in cardiac traits and diseases. Intersection of our data set with genes on cardiac clinical testing panels and the druggable genome reveals striking patterns of cellular specificity. Conclusions: Using large-scale single nuclei RNA sequencing, we defined the transcriptional and cellular diversity in the normal human heart. Our identification of discrete cell subtypes and differentially expressed genes within the heart will ultimately facilitate the development of new therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases
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