1,704 research outputs found
A systematic review of neuroprotective strategies after cardiac arrest: from bench to bedside (Part I - Protection via specific pathways).
Neurocognitive deficits are a major source of morbidity in survivors of cardiac arrest. Treatment options that could be implemented either during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or after return of spontaneous circulation to improve these neurological deficits are limited. We conducted a literature review of treatment protocols designed to evaluate neurologic outcome and survival following cardiac arrest with associated global cerebral ischemia. The search was limited to investigational therapies that were utilized to treat global cerebral ischemia associated with cardiac arrest. In this review we discuss potential mechanisms of neurologic protection following cardiac arrest including actions of several medical gases such as xenon, argon, and nitric oxide. The 3 included mechanisms are: 1. Modulation of neuronal cell death; 2. Alteration of oxygen free radicals; and 3. Improving cerebral hemodynamics. Only a few approaches have been evaluated in limited fashion in cardiac arrest patients and results show inconclusive neuroprotective effects. Future research focusing on combined neuroprotective strategies that target multiple pathways are compelling in the setting of global brain ischemia resulting from cardiac arrest
Frequency domain diffuse optical tomography with a single source and detector via high- speed hypocycloid scanning
Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) relies on the fact that near infrared light (600-1000 nm) is strongly scattered in biological tissue, and weakly absorbed by tissue chromophores such as blood, fat, water, and melanin. In frequency domain DOI, intensity modulated light is introduced into the tissue and the observed absorption and phase changes enable absolute concentrations of these chromophores to be calculated. These concentrations provide valuable insight into tissue metabolic activity that have proven useful for a variety of clinical outcomes from exercise physiology to predicting tumor response to treatment.
Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) is an extension of DOI that allows three dimensional reconstruction of tissue chromophore concentrations. Typically, DOT requires a large number (~10-100) of light sources and detectors to collect the data necessary for 3D reconstruction. In these systems, each source and detector pair probes a specific volume of tissue and an algorithm is used to reconstruct tissue chromophore concentration within each voxel. However, the use of large numbers of fibers results in imaging systems that are large, expensive, unwieldy, and often anatomically specific (i.e. systems are constructed for breast measurements and cannot be easily used on other anatomical locations). In this poster I will present a new method for DOT that uses a single source and detector fiber in a potentially hand-held format that is able to probe a large volume of tissue using rapid scanning of each fiber in a hypocycloid pattern.
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Nutritional Value of Seaweed to Ruminants
We compared the nutritional quality (apparent digestible dry matter (ADDM), crude protein, total phenolics, gross energy), of 3 seaweed species (Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosis) to that of 3 woody browse species{Acer rubrum, Thuja occidentalis, Abies balsamea), lichen (Usnea spp.), and winter rye (Secale cereals) for ruminants. The ADDM's of the 3 seaweeds (63-80% DM) were 11-167% DM higher and crude protein contents (12.1-14.6% DM) were 68-186% DM higher than the 3 browse species. Seaweeds had lower total phenolics (5.5-10.3% DM) and gross energy (12-15 KJ/g DM), and moderate digestible energy (DE) contents (9-10 KJ/g DM) compared to the browse species. The 3 browse species had ADDM's of 30-57% DM, crude protein contents of 5.1-7.2% DM, total phenolic concentrations of 11.6-16.4% DM, and DE contents of 6-12 KJ/g DM. Winter rye and lichen had the lowest total phenolic concentrations (1.3 and 1.9% DM) of forages examined, and had lower ADDM's (35 and 40% DM), DE contents (6-7 KJ/g DM), and crude protein (7.8 and 5.7% DM) than seaweeds. The relatively high DE and protein contents of seaweed may explain high deer densities of Maine coastal islands where browse availability and use appears to be low
ERTS and aircraft multispectral scanner digital data users manual
There are no author-identified significant results in this report
X-ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei in Massive Galaxy Clusters II: The Fraction of Galaxies Hosting Active Nuclei
We present a measurement of the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting X-ray
bright Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) as a function of clustercentric distance
scaled in units of . Our analysis employs high quality Chandra X-ray
and Subaru optical imaging for 42 massive X-ray selected galaxy cluster fields
spanning the redshift range of . In total, our study involves
176 AGN with bright () optical counterparts above a keV flux
limit of . When excluding
central dominant galaxies from the calculation, we measure a cluster-galaxy AGN
fraction in the central regions of the clusters that is times lower
that the field value. This fraction increases with clustercentric distance
before becoming consistent with the field at . Our data
exhibit similar radial trends to those observed for star formation and
optically selected AGN in cluster member galaxies, both of which are also
suppressed near cluster centers to a comparable extent. These results strongly
support the idea that X-ray AGN activity and strong star formation are linked
through their common dependence on available reservoirs of cold gas.Comment: 9 Pages, 4 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, please contact
Steven Ehlert ([email protected]) with any querie
Cosmology and Astrophysics from Relaxed Galaxy Clusters II: Cosmological Constraints
We present cosmological constraints from measurements of the gas mass
fraction, , for massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Our data
set consists of Chandra observations of 40 such clusters, identified in a
comprehensive search of the Chandra archive, as well as high-quality weak
gravitational lensing data for a subset of these clusters. Incorporating a
robust gravitational lensing calibration of the X-ray mass estimates, and
restricting our measurements to the most self-similar and accurately measured
regions of clusters, significantly reduces systematic uncertainties compared to
previous work. Our data for the first time constrain the intrinsic scatter in
, % in a spherical shell at radii 0.8-1.2 ,
consistent with the expected variation in gas depletion and non-thermal
pressure for relaxed clusters. From the lowest-redshift data in our sample we
obtain a constraint on a combination of the Hubble parameter and cosmic baryon
fraction, , that is insensitive to the
nature of dark energy. Combined with standard priors on and ,
this provides a tight constraint on the cosmic matter density,
, which is similarly insensitive to dark energy. Using
the entire cluster sample, extending to , we obtain consistent results for
and interesting constraints on dark energy:
for non-flat CDM models, and
for flat constant- models. Our results are both competitive
and consistent with those from recent CMB, SNIa and BAO data. We present
constraints on models of evolving dark energy from the combination of
data with these external data sets, and comment on the possibilities for
improved constraints using current and next-generation X-ray
observatories and lensing data. (Abridged)Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, 8 tables. Accepted by MNRAS. Code and data can
be downloaded from http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~amantz/work/fgas14/ . v2:
minor fix to table 1, updated bibliograph
Eclipsing Binaries with Possible Light-Time Effect
The period changes of six eclipsing binaries have been studied with focus on
the light-time effect. With the least squares method we also calculated
parameters of such an effect and properties of the unresolved body in these
systems. With these results we discussed the probability of presence of such
bodies in the systems with respect to possible confirmation by another method.
In two systems we also suggested the hypothesis of fourth body or magnetic
activity for explanation of the "second-order variability" after subtraction of
the light-time effect of the third body.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, conference proceeding
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