MMP-2, TIMP-2 and CD44v6 expression in non-small-cell lung carcinomas

Introduction: Factors that emerge as crucial participants in tumour invasion and metastases are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) inhibitors and cellular adhesion molecules (CD44 and similar molecules). They play important roles in tumour invasion and metastasis in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). Materials and Methods: The study was performed using the data of 33 patients. MMP-2 from the metalloproteinase family, TIMP-2 from the metalloproteinase inhibitor family and the adhesion molecule CD44v6 expression were investigated immunohistochemically to search their role in the metastasis and the clinical outcome of the patients with NSCLCs. Results: Twenty-three tumours (70%) were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 9 (27%) were adenocarcinoma (AC), and 1 (3%) was large cell carcinoma (LCC). MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were expressed in high rates in NSCLC but CD44v6 expression was about 50%. Lymphatic invasion was less frequent in TIMP-2-positive patients and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was a statistically significant difference between SCCs and ACs with respect to CD44v6 tumoral expression (P = 0.004). Also, there was a negative correlation between lymphatic invasion and the extent of CD44v6; lymphatic invasion was significantly less in CD446-positive cases (P = 0.013). Conclusion: We found that TIMP-2 and CD44v6 can decrease the lymphatic invasion in NSCLCs. Also there was observed histiotype-related pattern of CD44v6 variant expression in SCCs

Beyin Beyincik ve Beyin Sapında Primer Nokardia Enfeksiyonu Bir Olgu Sunumu

Nokardia sıklıkla akciğeri tutan aerobik, gram pozitif ,filamentöz bir mikroorganizmadır. Santral sinir sisteminde görülen nokardia enfeksiyonu genellikle akciğerdeki primer lezyondan kan yolu ile gelir. Primer serebral nokardia enfeksiyonu ise çok nadirdir. Vakamızda ekstrakranial enfeksiyon odağı olmaksızın primer santral sinir sistemi tutulumu ile giden nokardia enfeksiyonu mevcuttur. Anahtar kelimeler: Nokardia , enfeksiyon, santral sinir sistem

Ventricular Ganglioneuroblastoma in an Adult and Successful Treatment with Radiotherapy

Background: Ganglioneuroblastomas (GNBs) are rare embryonic neoplasms in the spectrum of neuroblastic tumours and 80% of cases occur in the first decade. In adults, GNBs are usually located in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum and neck but intracranial GNBs are extremely rare. Case Report: A 34-year-old male applied to the Department of Neurology outpatient clinic with a two month history of headache and numbness in his legs. Detailed examinations and cranial CT were performed and showed a mass with a 5 cm diameter running from the third to the fourth ventricle. Referral to a neurosurgeon was performed for partial removal of the tumour, as the histological and immunohistochemical studies defined the diagnosis of GNB. Three months later, when the patient experienced dizziness, an MRI was performed, which showed a 4x3 cm ventricular mass, with hypointense characterisation in T1-weighted and hyperintense characteristics in T2-weighted and flair sequences. Afterwards, fractioned radiotherapy (54 Gy/30 fx) was chosen as the appropriate therapy. In the follow-up period, MRI was performed 3 months and 1 year after treatment, and revealed shrinkage of the tumour by at least 50%. Meanwhile the patient’s post-irradiation course was favourable. Conclusion: Data following the use of radiotherapy as treatment for intracranial GNB showing favourable results has been reported

Ventricular Ganglioneuroblastoma in an Adult and Successful Treatment with Radiotherapy

Background: Ganglioneuroblastomas (GNBs) are rare embryonic neoplasms in the spectrum of neuroblastic tumours and 80% of cases occur in the first decade. In adults, GNBs are usually located in the retroperitoneum, mediastinum and neck but intracranial GNBs are extremely rare. Case Report: A 34-year-old male applied to the Department of Neurology outpatient clinic with a two month history of headache and numbness in his legs. Detailed examinations and cranial CT were performed and showed a mass with a 5 cm diameter running from the third to the fourth ventricle. Referral to a neurosurgeon was performed for partial removal of the tumour, as the histological and immunohistochemical studies defined the diagnosis of GNB. Three months later, when the patient experienced dizziness, an MRI was performed, which showed a 4x3 cm ventricular mass, with hypointense characterisation in T1-weighted and hyperintense characteristics in T2-weighted and flair sequences. Afterwards, fractioned radiotherapy (54 Gy/30 fx) was chosen as the appropriate therapy. In the follow-up period, MRI was performed 3 months and 1 year after treatment, and revealed shrinkage of the tumour by at least 50%. Meanwhile the patient’s post-irradiation course was favourable. Conclusion: Data following the use of radiotherapy as treatment for intracranial GNB showing favourable results has been reported

The Incidence of Cystic Fibrosis in the Central Region of Anatolia in Turkey Between 2015 and 2016

Background: Prognostic significance of the programmed death-ligand-1 status in non-small cell lung carcinoma remains controversial. Aims: To show the programmed death-ligand-1 expression status in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and its effect on the prognosis and the relationship with clinicopathologic data. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 208 cases who were diagnosed with NSCLC and who underwent surgical resection between 2001 and 2012. Programmed death-ligand-1 (SP142 clone) was applied to the histological sections acquired from the microarray paraffin blocks with immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity was scored as weak (+, 1), moderate (++, 2), and strong (+++, 3). Percentage (0%-100%) was multiplied by staining intensity (1-2-3) to calculate the H score. Four different cut-off values were used; 1: ≥1% (independent of intensity), 2: ≥5% (independent of intensity), 3: ≥5% moderate/strong staining (except for weak staining), 4: H score ≥30 values were considered positive. In this study, staining a single cell at any intensity was considered positive. Results: Thirty-four out 208 cases (16.3%) had PDL-1 positive staining. PDL-1 expression was observed in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma independent of the histological type or subtype (range; 0-25%). When the cut-off level was set to ≥5% with moderate and strong staining, the median overall survival was 45 months for the PD-L1 positive group and not reached for the PD-L1 negative group (p-value 0.024). PD-L1 positivity was significantly higher in patients over the age of 60 years and in cases with a tumor diameter of more than 5 cm (p=0.023 and 0.025, respectively). Conclusion: PD-L1 expression is positive in 16.3% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and may have a negative prognostic value

The effect of the presence of autocrine motility factor receptor on survival in patients with stage I epidermoid lung cancer

Giriş: Çalışmamızda, evre I skuamöz hücreli karsinomlu hastalarda otokrin hareket faktör reseptörü (OHFR) varlığı ve bunun sağkalım ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Çalışma planı: Çalışmaya akciğerde evre I skuamöz hücre karsinomu saptanan 30 hasta (23 erkek, 7 kadın; ort. yaş 6010; dağılım 33-77) alındı. Olguların hiçbiri ameliyat öncesi veya sonrasında kemoterapi veya radyoterapi görmemişti. Ameliyat sonrasında hastalar ortalama 4811 ay takip edildi. Parametrelerin kıyaslanmasında ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Sağkalım analizi Kaplan-Meier yöntemiyle yapıldı ve istatistiksel farklar log-rank testi ile doğrulandı. Sağkalım üzerine OHFR ve klinik özelliklerin etkisini değerlendirmek için tekdeğişkenli ve çokdeğişkenli Cox regresyon analiz modeli kullanıldı. Bulgular: Altı hastada (%20) OHFR için boyama pozitif bulundu. Tüm sağkalım, OHFR pozitif olan hastalarda negatif olanlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede kötü bulundu (p0.052). Çokdeğişkenli analizde OHFR pozitifliği (p0.016) ve ileri yaş (p0.015) sağkalım üzerine olumsuz etki yapan bağımsız prognostik faktörler olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Kanser hastalarının takibinde ve metastatik potansiyelin değerlendirilmesinde OHFR yararlı bir belirteç olabilir; ancak, OHFR’nin adjuvan terapiye bir kılavuz olması için ek çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.Background: We aimed to investigate the existence of autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) and its effect on survival in patients with stage I squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: The study included 30 patients (23 males, 7 females; mean age 60±10 years; range 33 to 77 years) with stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. None of the patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before or after surgery. The mean follow-up period was 48±11 months. The chi-square test was used for comparison of variables. The cumulative survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the significance was assessed by the log-rank test. The effects of AMFR and clinical factors on survival were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses using Cox‘s proportional hazard model. Results: Six tumors (20%) showed positive staining for AMFR. The overall survival in patients with AMFR expression was significantly worse than those without AMFR expression (p0.052). Multivariate analysis showed AMFR expression (p<0.016) and older age (p<0.015) as independent prognostic factors on poor survival. Conclusion: Expression of AMFR can be a useful marker for the follow-up of patients with cancer and for metastatic potential of tumors. However, further studies are required to determine its value for adjuvant therapy