Seismic Interferometry from Correlated Noise Sources

It is a well-established principle that cross-correlating seismic observations at different receiver locations can yield estimates of band-limited inter-receiver Green's functions. This principle, known as seismic interferometry, is a powerful technique that can transform noise into signals which allow us to remotely image and interrogate subsurface Earth structures. In practice it is often necessary and even desirable to rely on noise already present in the environment. Theory that underpins many applications of ambient noise interferometry makes an assumption that the noise sources are uncorrelated in space and time. However, many real-world noise sources such as trains, highway traffic and ocean waves are inherently correlated both in space and time, in direct contradiction to the current theoretical foundations. Applying standard interferometric techniques to recordings from correlated energy sources makes the Green's function liable to estimation errors that so far have not been fully accounted for theoretically nor in practice. We show that these errors are significant for common noise sources, always perturbing and sometimes obscuring the phase one wishes to retrieve. Our analysis explains why stacking may reduce the phase errors, but also shows that in commonly-encountered circumstances stacking will not remediate the problem. This analytical insight allowed us to develop a novel workflow that significantly mitigates effects arising from the use of correlated noise sources. Our methodology can be used in conjunction with already existing approaches, and improves results from both correlated and uncorrelated ambient noise. Hence, we expect it to be widely applicable in real life ambient noise studies

Centro juvenil de diagnóstico y rehabilitación para menores infractores de la ley en Piura

El Centro Juvenil de Diagnóstico y Rehabilitación tienen como misión, rehabilitar y reinsertar a la sociedad a los adolescentes en conflicto con la Ley Penal, mediante actividades Psicopedagógicas orientadas a fomentar el desarrollo personal y ocupacional de los adolescentes. El presente trabajo de investigación parte de un análisis de la problemática existente en el “Centro Juvenil de Diagnóstico y Rehabilitación Miguel Grau- Piura”, donde actualmente presenta algunos problemas relevantes, tales como deficiente infraestructura, déficit de personal, incompatibilidad de usos y hacinamiento, en la cual, no cumple con su rol de Rehabilitación y Reinserción para los jóvenes infractores. A raíz de la problemática, hemos propuesto crear un “Centro Juvenil de Diagnóstico y Rehabilitación para menores Infractores de la Ley en Piura”, en la cual, tenemos como objetivo principal, diseñar un Centro Juvenil donde a través de la Arquitectura penitenciaria se logre el diagnóstico y rehabilitación mediante una Psicología Ambiental. Esta propuesta de acuerdo a nuestra idea rectora “Psicología Ambiental”, tiene como finalidad, lograr una arquitectura penitenciaria que consiste en crear espacios amplios y ambientes necesarios para el usuario infractor con fines de rehabilitación y Reinserción Social. Además, considerando amplias áreas verdes, patios y alamedas para adaptarse en su entorno y el medio ambiente. Este proyecto comprende un correcto desarrollo funcional respetando el Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones y parámetros de diseño, implementando ambientes adecuados para el proceso de Reinserción Social.The mission of the Youth Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation is to rehabilitate and reintegrate adolescents in conflict with the Criminal Law into society, through psycho-pedagogical activities aimed at promoting the personal and occupational development of adolescents. This research work is based on an analysis of the existing problems in the "Miguel Grau Piura Youth Diagnosis and Rehabilitation Center", where it currently presents some relevant problems, such as poor infrastructure, staff deficiency, incompatibility of uses and overcrowding, in which, it does not fulfill its role of Rehabilitation and Reintegration for young offenders. As a result of the problem, we have proposed creating a "Diagnosis and Rehabilitation Juvenile Center for juvenile offenders of the Law in Piura", in which our main objective is to design a Youth Center where, through the penitentiary architecture, the diagnosis and rehabilitation through an Environmental Psychology. This proposal, according to our guiding idea "Environmental Psychology", aims to achieve a prison architecture that consists of creating large spaces and environments necessary for the offending user for rehabilitation and Social Reintegration purposes. In addition, considering large green areas, patios and avenues to adapt to its surroundings and the environment. This project includes a correct functional development respecting the National Building Regulations and design parameters, implementing suitable environments for the Social Reintegration process.Tesi

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data