An examination of the effects of using glycerol and wheat dry distillers grains with soluble in sheep diets

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF USING GLYCEROL AND WHEAT DRY DISTILLERS’ GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN SHEEP DIETS The aims of this research were to assess the effects of feeding glycerol and wheat based dry distillers’ grains with solubles (WDDGS) on rumen metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of lambs. In study 1, increasing levels of glycerol as replacement of barley grain in in vitro batch cultures did not affect culture pH and total methane (CH4) production, but in vitro dry matter disappearance, total VFA production and propionate proportions were linearly increased. In study 2, increasing levels of glycerol in a forage diet increased total VFA, propionate and butyrate production and DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) disappearance in semi continuous fermenters. Methane production was linearly increased despite increases in propionate concentrations as a result of the more reduced state of glycerol as compared to carbohydrates which implies there is no net incorporation of electrons into glycerol when it is metabolised to propionate. In study 3, increasing concentrations of glycerol did not alter in vivo diet digestibility or CH4 production. However, dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced at high glycerol concentrations (210 g/kg DM) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to decrease. Fatty acid profiles were improved by reducing concentrations of palmitic, trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio and increasing stearic and oleic acids. In study 4, increasing concentrations of WDDGS as direct replacement of barley grain resulted in increased eating rates, DMI and ADG. Linolenic acid in backfat tissue was also increased without altering the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, when WDDGS were included in iso nitrogenous diets as replacement of soybean meal and alfalfa, DM, NDF and CP in sacco effective degradability and in vitro CH4 production were increased. Animal DMI, ADG and hot carcass weight were linearly reduced but feed efficiency was unaffected and trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids were increased

An examination of the effects of using glycerol and wheat dry distillers grains with soluble in sheep diets

AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF USING GLYCEROL AND WHEAT DRY DISTILLERS’ GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES IN SHEEP DIETS The aims of this research were to assess the effects of feeding glycerol and wheat based dry distillers’ grains with solubles (WDDGS) on rumen metabolism, performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of lambs. In study 1, increasing levels of glycerol as replacement of barley grain in in vitro batch cultures did not affect culture pH and total methane (CH4) production, but in vitro dry matter disappearance, total VFA production and propionate proportions were linearly increased. In study 2, increasing levels of glycerol in a forage diet increased total VFA, propionate and butyrate production and DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) disappearance in semi continuous fermenters. Methane production was linearly increased despite increases in propionate concentrations as a result of the more reduced state of glycerol as compared to carbohydrates which implies there is no net incorporation of electrons into glycerol when it is metabolised to propionate. In study 3, increasing concentrations of glycerol did not alter in vivo diet digestibility or CH4 production. However, dry matter intake (DMI) was reduced at high glycerol concentrations (210 g/kg DM) and average daily gain (ADG) tended to decrease. Fatty acid profiles were improved by reducing concentrations of palmitic, trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids and the n-6/n-3 ratio and increasing stearic and oleic acids. In study 4, increasing concentrations of WDDGS as direct replacement of barley grain resulted in increased eating rates, DMI and ADG. Linolenic acid in backfat tissue was also increased without altering the n-6/n-3 ratio. However, when WDDGS were included in iso nitrogenous diets as replacement of soybean meal and alfalfa, DM, NDF and CP in sacco effective degradability and in vitro CH4 production were increased. Animal DMI, ADG and hot carcass weight were linearly reduced but feed efficiency was unaffected and trans-10 octadecenoic and linoleic acids were increased

Bioconversion in Ryegrass-Fescue Hay by Pleurotus ostreatus to Increase Their Nutritional Value for Ruminant

Carbohydrates from lignocellulosic feed can be released by basidiomycete fungi for ruminal fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the bioconversion of hay of ryegrass-fescue (Lolium perenne—Festuca arundinácea) by solid state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus, to obtain superior quality hay. After only 14 days of fermentation, crude protein (CP) (4.73 to 5.16%), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) (20.84 to 25.04%) increased, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (68.72 to 64.87%) and acid detergent lignin (5.88 to 1.98%) decreased. The enzymatic biodegradation carried out by P. ostreatus was verified, through measurements of enzymatic activity. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase (Lac) reached the higher activity on day 14 (19.51 U/L and 34.17 U/L, respectively), whereas manganese peroxidase (MnP) displayed stability up to 21 days of fermentation (between 6.54 and 7.75 U/L). In conclusion, results indicate that lignocellulosic feed bioconversion by P. ostreatus is promising to improve the ruminal fermentation of fibrous feedstocks and 14 days were considered to be optimal for hay fermentation

Bioconversion in Ryegrass-Fescue Hay by <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> to Increase Their Nutritional Value for Ruminant

Carbohydrates from lignocellulosic feed can be released by basidiomycete fungi for ruminal fermentation. This study aimed to evaluate the bioconversion of hay of ryegrass-fescue (Lolium perenne—Festuca arundinácea) by solid state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus, to obtain superior quality hay. After only 14 days of fermentation, crude protein (CP) (4.73 to 5.16%), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) (20.84 to 25.04%) increased, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (68.72 to 64.87%) and acid detergent lignin (5.88 to 1.98%) decreased. The enzymatic biodegradation carried out by P. ostreatus was verified, through measurements of enzymatic activity. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase (Lac) reached the higher activity on day 14 (19.51 U/L and 34.17 U/L, respectively), whereas manganese peroxidase (MnP) displayed stability up to 21 days of fermentation (between 6.54 and 7.75 U/L). In conclusion, results indicate that lignocellulosic feed bioconversion by P. ostreatus is promising to improve the ruminal fermentation of fibrous feedstocks and 14 days were considered to be optimal for hay fermentation